Clinical Virology

1506 Pages·2016·33.674 MB·English

by  Douglas D. Richman, Richard J. Whitley, Frederick G. Hayden

CLINICAL
VIROLOGY
FOURTH EDITION

CLINICAL
VIROLOGY
FOURTH EDITION
Douglas D. Richman
Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego
School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego
Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Richard J. Whitley
DivisionofInfectiousDiseases,DepartmentsofPediatrics,SchoolofMedicine,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Frederick G. Hayden
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of
Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
Washington, DC
Copyrightª2017byASMPress.ASMPressisaregisteredtrademarkoftheAmericanSocietyforMicrobiology.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinwholeorinpartorreutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writingfromthepublisher.
Disclaimer:Tothebestofthepublisher’sknowledge,thispublicationprovidesinformationconcerningthesubjectmattercovered
that is accurate as of the date of publication. The publisher is not providing legal, medical, or other professional services. Any
referencehereintoanyspecificcommercialproducts,procedures,orservicesbytradename,trademark,manufacturer,orotherwise
doesnotconstituteorimplyendorsement,recommendation,orfavoredstatusbytheAmericanSocietyforMicrobiology(ASM).The
viewsandopinionsoftheauthor(s)expressedinthispublicationdonotnecessarilystateorreflectthoseofASM,andtheyshallnot
beusedtoadvertiseorendorseanyproduct.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Richman,DouglasD.,editor.|Whitley,RichardJ.,editor.|Hayden,FrederickG.,editor.
Title:Clinicalvirology/editors,DouglasD.Richman,RichardJ.Whitley,FrederickG.Hayden.
Description:Fourthedition.|Washington,DC:ASMPress,[2017]
Identifiers:LCCN2016020817|ISBN9781555819422(hardcover)|ISBN9781555819439(e-ISBN)
Subjects:LCSH:Virusdiseases.|Diagnosticvirology.
Classification:LCCRC114.5.C562017|DDC616.9/1—dc23LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016020817
AllRightsReserved
PrintedinCanada
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Addresseditorialcorrespondenceto:ASMPress,1752NSt.,N.W.,Washington,DC20036-2904,USA.
Sendordersto:ASMPress,P.O.Box605,Herndon,VA20172,USA.
Phone:[phone].Fax:[phone].
E-mail:[email protected]
Online:http://www.asmscience.org
DEDICATION
To our families—Eva, Sara, Matthew andIsabella; Kevin, Sarah, Christopher, Jennifer, and Katherine;
Melissa, Dan, Gabi, Gretta, Grant, Geoff, Mary, Cotes, andAnderson—and toour many colleagues
and friends, who have inspired andsupported us throughout the years.

Contents
Contributors 11.Antiretroviral Agents / 169
CHRISTINEJ.KUBIN,BARBARAS.TAYLOR,
ConflictsofInterest ANDSCOTTM.HAMMER
Preface 12.Antiherpesvirus Agents / 215
CLAIREL.GORDON,CHRISTINEJ.KUBIN,
ImportantNotice(PleaseRead) ANDSCOTTM.HAMMER
1. Introduction / 1 13.Anti–Hepatitis Virus Agents / 239
DOUGLASD.RICHMAN,RICHARDJ.WHITLEY, MATTHEWL.SCHERER,CHELSEASAMMONS,
ANDFREDERICKG.HAYDEN BRIANNELSON,SCOTTM.HAMMER,
ANDELIZABETHVERNA
I 14.AntirespiratoryVirus Agents / 271
MARCUSR.PEREIRA,BENJAMINA.MIKO,
Section MONICAMEHTA,ANDSCOTTM.HAMMER
15.Diagnosis of Viral Infections / 291
Viral Syndromes and
GUYBOIVIN,TONYMAZZULLI,
General Principles ANDMARTINPETRIC
16.Immune Responses to Viral Infection / 321
HENDRIKSTREECK,TODDJ.SUSCOVICH,
2. RespiratoryInfections / 9
ANDGALITALTER
JOHNJ.TREANOR
17.Immunization Against Viral Diseases / 351
3. Viral Infections of the Central Nervous
JULIEE.LEDGERWOOD
System / 31
ANDBARNEYS.GRAHAM
KEVINA.CASSADYANDRICHARDJ.WHITLEY
18.Chronic Fatigue and Postinfective Fatigue
4. Gastrointestinal Syndromes / 47
Syndromes / 371
EYALLESHEMANDUMESHD.PARASHAR
ANDREWR.LLOYD
5. Viral Hepatitis / 61
ZINAS.VALAYDON,STEPHENA.LOCARNINI,
ANDALEXANDERJ.V.THOMPSON II
6. Viral Infections in Organ Transplant
Recipients / 75 Section
JOHNA.ZAIA
The Agents
7. Viral Heart Disease / 99
BRUCEM.McMANUS,MICHAELSEIDMAN,
Part A: DNA Viruses
KARINKLINGEL,ANDHONGLINLUO
8. Viral Diseases of the Skin / 115 19.Poxviruses / 387
ZEENAY.NAWASANDSTEPHENK.TYRING STUARTN.ISAACSANDR.MARKBULLER
9. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers / 141 20.Herpes Simplex Viruses / 415
GAILCARSON,MIKEBRAY,ANDCATHYROTH RICHARDJ.WHITLEYANDBERNARDROIZMAN
10.Viral Disease of the Eye / 151 21.Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1 (B Virus) / 447
HOWARDM.NEWMAN RICHARDJ.WHITLEY
vii
viii - CONTENTS
22.Varicella-Zoster Virus / 459 40.Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses / 949
ANNEA.GERSHONANDMICHAELD.GERSHON DANIELLEE.ANDERSONANDLIN-FAWANG
23.Cytomegalovirus / 481 41.Rhabdoviruses / 967
PAULDAVIDGRIFFITHSANDMATTHEWREEVES ALANC.JACKSON
24.Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human 42.Filoviruses / 981
Herpesvirus 7 / 511 MIKEBRAYANDDANIELS.CHERTOW
KOICHIYAMANISHIANDYASUKOMORI
43.Influenza Virus / 1009
25.Epstein-Barr Virus / 523 FREDERICKG.HAYDENANDPETERPALESE
JOYCEFINGEROTH 44.Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyaviruses,
26.Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Phleboviruses, Nairoviruses,
(KSHV/HHV8) / 549 and Hantaviruses / 1059
YUANCHANG,SHOU-JIANGGAO, GREGORYJ.MERTZ,CLASAHLM,
ANDPATRICKS.MOORE ANDCOLLEENB.JONSSON
27.Adenoviruses / 575 45.Arenaviruses / 1089
OLLIRUUSKANEN,JORDANP.METCALF, DANIELG.BAUSCH
MATTIWARIS,ANDGÖRANAKUSJÄRVI
46.Enteroviruses / 1113
28.Polyomaviruses / 599 JOSÉR.ROMERO
JOHNE.GREENLEEANDHANSH.HIRSCH
47.Rhinovirus / 1143
29.Papillomavirus / 625 WAI-MINGLEEANDJAMESE.GERN
WILLIAMBONNEZ
48.Hepatitis A Virus / 1165
30.Human Parvoviruses / 679 SARAE.WILLIFORDANDSTANLEYM.LEMON
MARIASÖDERLUND-VENERMO,
49.Human Caliciviruses / 1189
KEVINE.BROWN,ANDDEAND.ERDMAN
ROBERTL.ATMARANDMARYK.ESTES
31.Anelloviridae / 701
50.Hepatitis EVirus / 1209
PETERSIMMONDSANDCOLINP.SHARP
HARRYR.DALTON,NASSIMKAMAR,
32.Hepatitis B Virus / 713 ANDJACQUESIZOPET
DARRENJ.WONG,STEPHENA.LOCARNINI,
51.Astrovirus / 1231
ANDALEXANDERJ.V.THOMPSON
CARLOSF.ARIASANDTOMÁSLÓPEZ
52.Coronaviruses / 1243
Part B: RNA Viruses J.S.M.PEIRIS
53.Arthropod-BorneFlaviviruses / 1267
33.Human Lymphotropic Viruses: HTLV-1
LYLER.PETERSENANDALAND.T.BARRETT
and HTLV-2 / 771
54.Hepatitis C Virus / 1313
ROBERTAL.BRUHN,RENAUDMAHIEUX,
CHRISTOPHERKOH,QISHENGLI,
ANDEDWARDL.MURPHY
ANDJAKELIANG
34.Human Immunodeficiency Virus / 795
55.Alphaviruses / 1347
JOHNC.GUATELLI,ROBERTF.SILICIANO,
DAVIDW.SMITH,JOHNS.MACKENZIE,
DANIELR.KURITZKES,AND
ILYAV.FROLOV,ANDSCOTTC.WEAVER
DOUGLASD.RICHMAN
56.RubellaVirus / 1381
35.Colorado Tick Fever and Other Arthropod
DAVIDW.KIMBERLIN
Borne Reoviridae / 841
STEVENYUKLANDJOSEPHK.WONG 57.Infections Caused by Bornaviruses / 1395
RALFDÜRRWALD,NORBERTNOWOTNY,
36.Rotaviruses / 853
MARTINBEER,ANDJENSH.KUHN
MANUELA.FRANCO,JUANAANGEL,
ANDHARRYB.GREENBERG
Part C: Subviral Agents
37.RespiratorySyncytial Virus, Human
Metapneumovirus, andParainfluenza
58.Hepatitis D / 1409
Viruses / 873
MARIORIZZETTO,ANTONINASMEDILE,
JOHNV.WILLIAMS,PEDROA.PIEDRA,
ANDALESSIACIANCIO
ANDJANETA.ENGLUND
59.Prion Diseases / 1425
38.Measles / 903
CHRISTINAJ.SIGURDSON,MEE-OHKKIM,
WILLIAMJ.MOSSANDDIANEE.GRIFFIN
ANDMICHAELD.GESCHWIND
39.Mumps Virus / 929
JOHNW.GNANN,JR.ANDDONALDR.LATNER SubjectIndex / 1449
Contributors
CLAS AHLM GUY BOIVIN
UmeåUniversity,DepartmentofClinicalMicrobiology CHUdeQuébec-LavalUniversity
S-90187Umeå,Sweden QuebecCity,QC,CanadaG1V4G2
GÖRAN AKUSJÄRVI WILLIAM BONNEZ
UppsalaUniversity UniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineandDentistry
Uppsala75123Sweden Rochester,NY21702
GALITALTER
MIKE BRAY
RagonInstituteforMGH,MITandHarvard
NationalInstitutesofHealth
Cambridge,MA02139
Bethesda,MD20892
DANIELLEE. ANDERSON
KEVIN E.BROWN
ProgrammeinEmergingInfectiousDiseases
PublicHealthEngland,VirusReferenceDepartment
Duke-NUSMedicalSchool,
London,NW95EQ,UnitedKingdom
8CollegeRoad
Singapore169857
ROBERTA L.BRUHN
JUANA ANGEL BloodSystemsResearchInstitute
FacultaddeMedicina,InstitutodeGenéticaHumana SanFrancisco,CA94118
PontificiaUniversidadJaveriana
Bogotá,Colombia R.MARK BULLER
SaintLouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine
CARLOSF. ARIAS St.Louis,MO63104
InstitutodeBiotecnología/UNAM
Cuernavaca62210,Mexico GAIL CARSON
NuffieldDepartmentofMedicine
ROBERTL. ATMAR
UniversityofOxford
BaylorCollegeofMedicine
Oxford,UnitedKingdom
Houston,TX77030
KEVIN A. CASSADY
ALAN D.T. BARRETT
NationwideChildren’sHospital
UniversityofTexasMedicalBranch
Columbus,OH43205
Galveston,TX77555
DANIEL G. BAUSCH YUAN CHANG
TulaneSchoolofPublicHealthandTropicalMedicine UniversityofPittsburghCancerInstitute
NewOrleans,LA70112 Pittsburgh,PA15213
MARTIN BEER DANIEL S. CHERTOW
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut NationalInstitutesofHealth
Greifswald—InselRiems17493,Germany Bethesda,MD20892
ix