Clinical Ultrasound, 2-Volume Set: Expert Consult: Online and Print, Volume 2 PDF
Preview Clinical Ultrasound, 2-Volume Set: Expert Consult: Online and Print, Volume 2
C linical U ltrasound Commissioning Editor: Michael Houston Development Editor: Ben Davie Editorial Assistant: Rachael Harrison/Kirsten Lowson Project Manager: Elouise Ball Design: Charles Gray Illustration Manager: Gillian Richards Illustrator: Amanda Williams Marketing Manager (UK/USA): Gaynor Jones/Tracie Pasker C linical U ltrasound T H I R D E D I T I O N Edited by Paul L. Allan BSc MBChB DMRD FRCR FRCPE Consultant Radiologist Department of Radiology Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, UK Grant M. Baxter MBChB FRCR Consultant Radiologist Department of Radiology Western Infirmary Glasgow, UK Michael J. Weston MBChB MRCP FRCR Consultant Radiologist Department of Radiology St James’s University Hospital Leeds, UK Section Editors Ian Beggs David W. Pilling MBChB FRCR MBChB DCH DMRD FRCR FRCPCH Consultant Musculoskeletal Radiologist Consultant Paediatric Radiologist Department of Radiology Department of Radiology The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Edinburgh, UK Hey Liverpool, UK Norman McDicken BSc PhD FIPEM Emeritus Professor Medical Physics Edinburgh University Edinburgh, UK © 2011, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved. First edition 1993 Second edition 2001 Third edition 2011 The right of Paul L. Allan, Grant M. Baxter and Michael J. Weston to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permis- sion, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experi- ence broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, com- pounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instruc- tions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-7020-3131-1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress The Working together to grow publisher’s libraries in developing countries policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Ultrasound remains one of the most frequently used and valuable modalities for imaging and guiding interventional procedures. The number of ultrasound examinations carried out world-wide continues to increase and the global sales of ultrasound equipment, both new and refurbished, is increasing at some 3-5% each year. The flexibility, ease of use, range of appli- cations and relatively low cost of the equipment make ultrasound an important investigative imaging tool. The first and second editions of this book, edited by David Cosgrove, Keith Dewbury, Hylton Meire and Pat Farrant, were a great success, providing information and advice across the full range of diagnostic ultrasound. They were essential reading for those training in ultrasound and a source of information for many sonographers and sonologists across the world. Techniques, hardware and data processing have all evolved and progressed at a rapid rate since the second edition of this book was published in 2001. As a result of these developments, ultra- sound equipment is now available in more sizes, specifications and complexity than ever before and this has enabled many different types of clinician to use ultrasound in particular niche areas, in addition to the more general imaging function that it has always provided. The chapters in the two volumes of this book cover all aspects of general ultrasound, as well as more specialised areas such as peripheral vascular and ophthalmic ultrasound. Some areas, such as musculoskeletal ultrasound, have developed into major applications of ultrasound and this is now essential to the management of patients with a wide variety of muscle and joint disorders. There has therefore been a significant enhancement of the coverage of these areas in this new edition. Conversely, detailed fetal and maternal obstetric scanning in the mid and final trimesters has followed cardiac echography into a separate sphere of expertise. There are many excellent text books dealing with these aspects, therefore, the editors felt that a comprehensive review of obstet- ric scanning was best left to these volumes. However, first trimester problems will still be seen by sonographers undertaking general scanning so an account of these is included in this book. The potential applications of echo enhancing agents, or microbubbles, have developed and changed significantly since the publication of the second edition of this book. Originally developed to rescue inadequate Doppler examinations, interesting properties of these agents have led to potential uses delivering drugs and genes. The editors of the third edition of Clinical Ultrasound are extremely grateful to the many experts in their particular fields of ultrasound who have contributed the authoritative, compre- hensive and informative chapters that make up this book. In particular, our thanks go to Ian Beggs, David Pilling and Norman McDicken, who were responsible for coordinating the musculo- skeletal, paediatric and physics sections of the book. We are also very grateful to Michael Houston, Ben Davie and all the other staff at Elsevier who have worked on the many aspects of publication between the first outline discussions and the final published product. Paul Allan Grant Baxter Michael Weston xi
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