Clinical small animal internal medicine PDF
Preview Clinical small animal internal medicine
Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine Volume 1 Edited by David S. Bruyette, DVM, DACVIM (SAIM) Chief Medical Officer, Anivive Lifesciences, Long Beach, CA, USA SECTION EDITORS Nick Bexfield, BVetMed, PhD, DSAM, DipECVIM‐CA, PGDipMEdSci, PGCHE, FHEA, MRCVS University of Cambridge Johnny D. Chretin, DVM, DACVIM (O) TrueCare for Pets Linda Kidd, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (SAIM) Western University of Health Sciences Stephanie Kube, DVM, DACVIM (N) Veterinary Neurology and Pain Management Catherine Langston, DVM, DACVIM (SAIM) Ohio State University Tina Jo Owen, DVM, DACVS Washington State University Mark A. Oyama, DVM, MSCE, DACVIM‐Cardiology University of Pennsylvania Nathan Peterson, DVM, DACVECC VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital Lisa V. Reiter, DVM, DACVD McKeever Dermatology Clinics Elizabeth A. Rozanski, DVM, DACVIM (SAIM), DACVECC Tufts University Craig Ruaux, BVSc (Hons), PhD, MACVSc, DACVIM (SAIM) Massey University Sheila M.F. Torres, DVM, MS, PhD University of Minnesota This edition first published 2020 © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of David S. Bruyette to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Editorial Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data applied for ISBN 9781118497067 Cover image: Cell images (left, middle) © Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock, Cell image (right) © David Bruyett, Dog and Cat image © David Bruyette Cover design by Wiley Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication To CB Chastain, Dick Nelson and Ed Feldman for trying their best to make me a better clinician. For someone inter- ested in internal medicine and endocrinology I could not have had better mentors. To all of my former students, interns and residents, thanks so much for always keeping me honest and forcing me to try to stay ahead of those I was supposed to be teaching. To all the wonderful folks at Wiley (Erica Judisch, Gillian Whitley, Purvi Patel, Holly Regan-Jones, and Katrina Maceda) that made this book possible and tried their best to keep me on track. You turned the idea into reality and improved the book at every step in the process. To my amazing children McKenna, Taylor, Ivy and Cole, thanks for letting me be a part of your lives. Being your Dad is the best job in the world. To my amazing wife and best friend Maya. You make my life complete and I look forward to sharing every day with you. vii Contents Preface xix List of Contributors xxi About the Companion Website xxix VOLUME I Section 1 Evaluation and Management of the Patient 1 1 The Concept of One Medicine 3 Lonnie J. King 2 Statistical Interpretation for Practitioners 7 Philip H. Kass 3 Using Data for Clinical Decision Making 17 Philip H. Kass Section 2 Endocrine Disease 27 4 Principles of Endocrinology 29 Robert Kemppainen 5 Neuroendocrinology 35 Maya Lottati 6 Feline Acromegaly 43 David S. Bruyette 7 Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism in Dogs and Cats 49 David S. Bruyette 8 Polyuria and Polydipsia 65 Jennifer L. Garcia 9 Canine Hypothyroidism 71 David S. Bruyette 10 Feline Hyperthyroidism 75 David S. Bruyette viii Contents 11 Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs and Cats 81 Patty Lathan 12 Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs and Cats 93 Jacquie S. Rand 13 Hypoglycemia in Patients without Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluation and Management 103 Rhett Nichols 14 Canine Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes 113 Deborah Greco Section 3 Cardiovascular Disease 117 15 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Cardiovascular Disease 119 Ingrid Ljungvall and Jens Häggström 16 Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease 127 Valérie Chetboul 17 Electrocardiography 165 Anna R.M. Gelzer and Marc S. Kraus 18 Pathophysiology of Heart Failure 175 Barret J. Bulmer 19 Management of Heart Failure 185 Steven Rosenthal and Mark A. Oyama 20 Ventricular Arrhythmias 199 Amara H. Estrada and Romain Pariaut 21 Supraventricular Arrhythmias 205 Romain Pariaut and Amara H. Estrada 22 Systemic Hypertension 219 Rebecca L. Stepien 23 Pulmonary Hypertension 225 Heidi B. Kellihan 24 Congenital Heart Disease 231 Brian A. Scansen 25 Valvular Heart Disease 245 Michele Borgarelli 26 Canine Myocardial Disease 253 M. Lynne O’Sullivan 27 Feline Myocardial Disease 267 Virginia Luis Fuentes Contents ix 28 Pericardial Disease 275 Ashley B. Saunders and Sonya G. Gordon Section 4 Respiratory Disease 287 29 A Respiratory Pattern‐Based Approach to Dyspnea 289 Christopher G. Byers 30 Feline Bronchial Asthma 297 Christine M. Serafin 31 Canine Chronic Bronchitis 305 Kevin Kumrow 32 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 313 Robert Goggs 33 Surgical Approaches to Thoracic Disease 325 Raegan Wells 34 Pleural Effusion 333 Ashley Allen and Gareth Buckley Section 5 Critical Care Medicine 345 35 Approach to the Patient in the Critical Care Setting 347 Sarah Allen 36 Fluid Therapy 355 Teresa Rieser 37 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 365 Nathan Peterson 38 Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care 373 Mathew Mellema 39 Acute Respiratory Failure 381 Matthew Mellema 40 Mechanical Ventilation 393 Kate Hopper and Mathew Mellema 41 Approach to the Patient with Shock 403 James W. Barr 42 Cardiogenic Shock 413 Nathan Peterson and James W. Barr 43 Septic Shock 421 James W. Barr x Contents 44 Disorders of Heat and Cold 431 Sarah Allen 45 Acute Poisoning 437 Ben O’Kelley 46 Medical Management of Trauma and Burns 445 Nathan Peterson 47 Venomous Snake Bites 459 Nathan Peterson Section 6 Gastrointestinal Disease 467 48 Gastrointestinal Imaging 469 Susanne M. Stieger‐Vanegas 49 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 507 Craig Ruaux 50 Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands 533 Maria M. Soltero‐Rivera and Alexander M. Reiter 51 Gastritis and Gastric Ulceration in Dogs and Cats 547 Katie Tolbert and Emily Gould 52 Disorders of the Esophagus 557 Silvia Funes and Craig Ruaux 53 Motility Disorders of the Alimentary Tract 563 Reto Neiger and Silke Salavati 54 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs and Cats 583 Panagiotis G. Xenoulis 55 Pancreatitis in the Dog 591 Caroline Mansfield 56 Pancreatitis in the Cat 601 Craig Ruaux 57 Rectoanal Diseases – Medical and Surgical Management 609 Craig Ruaux and Milan Milovancev 58 Dysbiosis and the Use of Pre‐, Pro‐ and Synbiotics 621 Jan S. Suchodolski 59 Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Enteropathies 627 Karin Allenspach Section 7 Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Ducts 639 60 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease 641 Emma O’Neill Contents xi 61 Imaging in Hepatobiliary Disease 659 Esther Barrett 62 Metabolic, Toxic, and Neoplastic Diseases of the Liver 677 Jan Rothuizen 63 Feline Inflammatory Liver Disease 687 Nicki Reed 64 Canine Inflammatory Liver Disease 695 Nick Bexfield 65 Cirrhosis and its Consequences 705 Katherine Scott 66 Portosystemic Shunts and Microvascular Dysplasia 713 Geraldine Hunt 67 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Ducts 721 Ben Harris Section 8 Neurologic Disease 727 68 The Neurologic Examination 729 Alexander de Lahunta 69 Central Nervous System Trauma 741 Simon R. Platt 70 Seizures and Movement Disorders 759 Michael Podell 71 Disorders of the Forebrain 773 Sam N. Long 72 Vestibular Disease 789 Tammy Stevenson 73 Meningoencephalitis and Meningomyelitis 795 Christopher L. Mariani 74 Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction 803 David Lipsitz 75 Myopathies 811 Marguerite F. Knipe 76 Myelopathy 815 Joan R. Coates 77 Neuroophthalmology 823 Bradford J. Holmberg
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