Clinical Scholar Model OBSERVE & REFLECT CRITIQUE & ANALYZE SYNTHESIZE APPLY ... PDF
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MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd iivv 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0033 PPMM EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE in Nursing & Healthcare AA GGUUIIDDEE TTOO BBEESSTT PPRRAACCTTIICCEE ● Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk, PhD, RN, CPNP/PMHNP, FNAP, FAAN Dean and Distinguished Foundation Professor in Nursing Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health Innovation Phoenix, Arizona Associate Editor, Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing Partner, ARCC llc; President, COPE for HOPE, Inc. Founder and Chair, National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners’ (NAPNAP) KySS (Keep your children/yourself Safe and Secure) Campaign Promoting the Mental Health of Children, Teens & Families Member, The United States Preventive Services Task Force ● Ellen Fineout-Overholt, PhD, RN, FNAP, FAAN Clinical Professor and Director Center for Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health Innovation Phoenix, Arizona Partner, ARCC llc second edition MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd ii 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0000 PPMM Acquisitions Editor: Hilarie Surrena Product Manager: Helen Kogut Vendor Manager: Cynthia Rudy Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Illustration Coordinator: Brett MacNaughton Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffi eld Prepress Vendor: SPi Technologies 2nd edition Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at [email protected], or via our website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek. Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare : a guide to best practice / Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk, Ellen Fineout-Overholt.—2nd ed. p. ; cm. Other title: Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60547-778-7 1. Evidence-based nursing. 2. Evidence-based medicine. I. Fineout-Overholt, Ellen. II. Title. III. Title: Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare. [DNLM: 1. Evidence-Based Nursing—methods—Practice Guideline. 2. Nurse Clinicians—Practice Guideline. WY 100.7 M527e 2011] RT42.M44 2011 610.73—dc22 2010007467 Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations. The author(s), editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice. LWW.com MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd iiii 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0000 PPMM I dedicate this book to my loving, understanding, and supportive family: my husband, John, and my three daughters, Angela, Megan, and Kaylin, as well as to my father, who always taught me that anything can be accomplished with a spirit of enthusiasm and determination. Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk The second edition of this book is dedicated to my precious family, Wayne and Rachael, who are my inspiration; to my Mom, Virginia Fineout, who believes in me and what we are trying to accomplish; and in loving memory of my Dad, Arthur J. Fineout, who taught me to think critically, apply what I learned, and never give up. Ellen Fineout-Overholt MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd iiiiii 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0022 PPMM MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd iivv 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0033 PPMM cc oo nn tt rr ii bb uu tt oo rr ss Anne Wojner Alexandrov, PhD, APRN, CCRN, FAAN Barbara B. Brewer, PhD, RN, MALS, MBA Professor Director of Professional Practice University of Alabama at Birmingham John C. Lincoln North Mountain Hospital Birmingham, Alabama Phoenix, Arizona Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Karen Balakas, PhD, RN, CNE Terri L. Brown, MSN, RN, CPN Professor and Director of Clinical Research/EBP Research Specialist Partnerships Texas Children’s Hospital Goldfarb School of Nursing Houston, Texas Barnes-Jewish College Chapter 9 St. Louis, Missouri Donna Ciliska, PhD, RN Chapter 14 Scientifi c Co-Director of the National C ollaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Professor Patricia E. Benner, PhD, RN, FRCN, FAAN School of Nursing Professor Emerita (former Thelma Shobe Endowed McMaster University Chair in Ethical and Spirituality) Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences University of California San Francisco Chapter 11 San Francisco, California Robert Cole, PhD Chapter 7 Associate Professor of Clinical Nursing University of Rochester Donna R. Berryman, MLS Rochester, New York Assistant Director of Education and Information Services Chapter 17 School of Medicine and Dentistry John F. Cox III, MD University of Rochester Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Rochester, New York School of Medicine and Dentistry Chapter 3 University of Rochester Rochester, New York Cecily L. Betz, PhD, RN, FAAN Chapter 13 Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Laura Cullen, MA, RN, FAAN Keck School of Medicine Evidence-Based Practice Coordinator Director of Nursing Training University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Director of Research Iowa City, Iowa USC Center for Excellence in Developmental Chapter 11 Disabilities Children’s Hospital Deborah Dang, PhD, RN, NEA-BC Los Angeles, California Director of Nursing Editor-in-Chief Practice, Education, Research Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Johns Hopkins Hospital Children and Families Baltimore, Maryland Chapter 16 Chapter 11 v MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd vv 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0044 PPMM Contributors Alba DiCenso, PhD, RN Robin P. Newhouse, PhD, RN, CNAA, BC Professor Assistant Dean School of Nursing Doctor of Nursing Practice Studies McMaster University Associate Professor Hamilton, Ontario, Canada School of Nursing University of Maryland Chapter 11 Annapolis, Maryland Doris Grinspun, PhD, RN Chapter 11 Executive Director Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario Dónal P. O’Mathúna, PhD Toronto, Ontario, Canada Senior Lecturer in Ethics, Decision-Making and Evidence Chapter 8 School of Nursing Marilyn J. Hockenberry, PhD, RN, PNP-BC, FAAN Dublin City University Professor of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland Baylor College of Medicine Chapters 5 and 20 Houston, Texas Chapter 9 Bethel Ann Powers, RN, PhD Professor and Director Sheila Hofstetter, MLS, AHIP Evaluation Offi ce Health Sciences Librarian University of Rochester School of Nursing Arizona State University Rochester, New York Noble Science and Engineering Library Chapters 6, 18, and Appendix C Tempe, Arizona Chapter 3 Tom Rickey, BA vi Manager of National Media Relations and Senior Linda Johnston, PhD, RN Science Editor Professor and Chair of Neonatal Nursing University of Rochester Medical Center Research Rochester, New York The Royal Children’s Hospital Chapter 16 Parkville Deputy Head of School and Associate Head Brett W. Robbins, MD ( Research) Associate Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics School of Nursing University of Rochester The University of Melbourne Rochester, New York Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Chapter 13 Melbourne, Australia Chapter 5 Jo Rycroft-Malone, PhD, MSc, BSc (Hon), RN Professor of Health Services and Implementation June H. Larrabee, PhD, RN Research Professor and Clinical Investigator School of Healthcare Sciences West Virginia University and West Virginia Bangor University University Hospitals Frowheulog, Bangor, United Kingdom Charleston, West Virginia Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Alyce A. Schultz, PhD, RN, FAAN Victoria Wynn Leonard, RN, FNP, PhD Consultant Assistant Professor EBP Concepts, Alyce A. Schultz & Associates, University of San Francisco School of Nursing LLC San Francisco, California Chandler, Arizona Chapter 7 Chapter 11 MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd vvii 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0066 PPMM Contributors Kathryn A. Smith, RN, MN Susan B. Stillwell, DNP, RN, CNE Associate Director for Administration Clinical Associate Professor and Expert EBP USC University Center for Excellence in Develop- Mentor mental Disabilities College of Nursing and Health Innovation Children’s Hospital Arizona State University Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Phoenix, Arizona Keck School of Medicine Chapters 2 and 13 University of Southern California Los Angeles, California Nancy Watson, PhD, RN Associate Professor and Director Chapter 16 John A. Hartford Foundation Community Julia Sollenberger, MLS Initiative & Center for Clinical Research Director on Aging Health Science Libraries and Technologies University of Rochester School of Nursing University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York Rochester, New York Appendix I Chapter 3 Kathleen M. Williamson, PhD, RN Cheryl B. Stetler, PhD, RN, FAAN Clinical Associate Professor and Associate Consultant Director EBP and Evaluation Center for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Amherst, Massachusetts Practice College of Nursing and Health Innovation Chapter 11 Arizona State University Kathleen R. Stevens, RN, EdD, FAAN Phoenix, Arizona Professor and Director vii Chapter 13 Academic Center for Evidence-Based Nursing The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Chapter 4 MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd vviiii 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0066 PPMM MMeellnnyykk__FFMM..iinndddd vviiiiii 33//55//22001100 66::0088::0066 PPMM
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