Clinical Radiation Oncology, 3rd Edition PDF
Preview Clinical Radiation Oncology, 3rd Edition
Associate Editors Jeffrey A. Bogart, MD Peter Mauch, MD, FASTRO Professor and Chair Professor and Associate Chair Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Upstate Medical University Harvard Medical School; Syracuse, New York Brigham and Women’s Hospital THORACIC NEOPLASMS Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Massachusetts Thomas A. Buchholz, MD, FACR LYMPHOMA AND HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES Professor and Chair Department of Radiation Oncology; Minesh P. Mehta, MD, FASTRO Director Professor Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Program Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Northwestern University Houston, Texas Northwestern Memorial Hospital BREAST CANCER Chicago, Illinois CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS Robert L. Foote, MD, FASTRO Professor and Chair Gillian M. Thomas, MD, FRCPC Department of Radiation Oncology Professor Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Departments of Radiation Oncology and Obstetrics/ Rochester, Minnesota Gynaecology HEAD AND NECK TUMORS University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre Larry E. Kun, MD, FASTRO Toronto, Ontario, Canada Professor GYNECOLOGIC TUMORS Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics University of Tennessee College of Medicine; Anthony L. Zietman, MD, FASTRO Chair Jenot and William Shipley Professor Department of Radiological Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Harvard Medical School Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Massachusetts General Hospital Memphis, Tennessee Boston, Massachusetts CHILDHOOD CANCERS GENITOURINARY TUMORS Clinical Radiation Oncology Third Edition Senior Editors Leonard L. Gunderson, MD, MS, FASTRO Joel E. Tepper, MD, FASTRO Emeritus Professor and Consultant Hector MacLean Distinguished Professor of Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Research Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology and Mayo Clinic University of North Carolina Lineberger Scottsdale, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 CLINICAL RADIATION ONCOLOGY ISBN: 978-1-4377-1637-5 Copyright © 2012 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2007, 2000 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data or Control Number ISBN: 978-1-4377-1637-5 Acquisitions Editor: Delores Meloni Developmental Editor: Mary Beth Murphy Publishing Services Manager: Jeffrey Patterson Senior Project Manager: Mary G. Stueck Design Direction: Louis Forgione Working together to grow Printed in China libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication To Katheryn, my wife and best friend, to our children and To my family, including Laurie, Miriam, Adam, Abigail, their spouses (Chad and Chrissy, Whitney and Jeff, Stacie Agustin, Zekariah, Zohar, Sammy, Marcelo, Jonah, and and Nick, Ryan and Danna, Scott and Cindy), and to our Aurelio for the love and support they have given me for grandchildren (Olivia and Adam; Rebecca, Andrew, Katie, many years. and Matthew; Sam, Anna, Michael, and Ellie; Grant and Ian; Landon, Parker, and Rhys) for their love and support. To my parents who taught me the importance of education, learning, and doing that which should be done. To my colleagues in Radiation Oncology, Surgery, Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Radiology, and Pathology for To my many mentors who taught me in the past, and those the opportunity to work together as a multidisciplinary team who continue to teach me. in the diagnosis and care of our patients. To my professional colleagues, both at the University of LEONARD L. GUNDERSON North Carolina and around the country, who have made me a better physician. JOEL E. TEPPER Acknowledgments We wish to thank our wives, Katheryn and Laurie, and Dr. We acknowledge the editors and production staff at Elsevier, Tepper’s secretary, Sandy Harvey, for their patience and especially Dolores Meloni, Mary Beth Murphy, and Mary assistance during the many months we were involved in the Stueck, who have done an outstanding job in collating and preparation of the third edition of Clinical Radiation Oncology. producing the third edition of Clinical Radiation Oncology. Some important features, including the on-line version of the We also thank the Associate Editors and the many chapter textbook, were added as a result of the fruitful collaboration senior authors and co-authors for their time, efforts, and and interaction between ourselves and Dolores Meloni in the outstanding contributions to this edition. planning phase of this third edition. Contributors Ross A. Abrams, MD, FACP, FACR, FASTRO Christopher A. Barker, MD Professor and Chairman Chief Resident Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Rush University Medical Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Chicago, Illinois New York, New York Chapter 46: Pancreatic Cancer Chapter 18: Total Body Irradiation Michelle Alonso-Basanta, MD, PhD Lawrence S. Baszkowsky, MD Department of Radiation Oncology Instructor Abramson Cancer Center Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Harvard Medical School; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Assistant Physician, Hematology/Oncology Chapter 35: Salivary Gland Malignancies Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Bethany M. Anderson, MD Chapter 8: Principles of Chemotherapy Assistant Professor Department of Human Oncology Jonathan J. Beitler, MD, MBA, FACR University of Wisconsin Professor of Radiation Oncology; Madison, Wisconsin Professor (Secondary Appointment) Chapter 26: Benign Brain Tumors: Meningiomas and Vestibular Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery; Schwannomas Hematology and Medical Oncology; Member Kenneth C. Anderson, MD Winship Cancer Institute Kraft Family Professor of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia Harvard Medical School; Chapter 34: Sinonasal Cancer Medical Director Kraft Family Blood Center A. William Blackstock, Jr., MD Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Professor and Chair Physician, Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center Boston, Massachusetts Winston-Salem, North Carolina Chapter 76: Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Chapter 43: Cancer of the Esophagus Neoplasms Jeffrey A. Bogart, MD, FASTRO K. Kian Ang, MD, PhD Professor and Chair Professor and Gilbert H. Fletcher Memorial Distinguished Endowed Department of Radiation Oncology Chair Upstate Medical University Department of Radiation Oncology Syracuse, New York University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Disease Sites, Part C, Thoracic Neoplasms: Overview Houston, Texas James A. Bonner, MD Disease Sites, Part B, Head and Neck Tumors: Overview; Merle M. Salter Professor and Chairman Chapter 33: Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer; Chapter 34: Department of Radiation Oncology Sinonasal Cancer; Chapter 39: Cutaneous Carcinoma; Chapter 40: University of Alabama at Birmingham Malignant Melanoma Birmingham, Alabama Douglas W. Arthur, MD Chapter 4: Interaction of Chemotherapy and Radiation; Professor and Vice-Chairman Chapter 32: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Department of Radiation Oncology J. Daniel Bourland, MSPH, PhD Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Associate Professor Richmond, Virginia Department of Radiation Oncology Chapter 60: Noninvasive Breast Cancer Wake Forest University School of Medicine Gregory D. Avey, MD Winston-Salem, North Carolina Department of Radiology Chapter 6: Radiation Oncology Physics University of Wisconsin John Breneman, MD School of Medicine and Public Health Charles M. Barrett Professor of Radiation Oncology Madison, Wisconsin University of Cincinnati Chapter 31: Oropharyngeal Cancer Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Matthew T. Ballo, MD Cincinnati, Ohio Professor Chapter 73: Rare Pediatric Tumors Department of Radiation Oncology; Associate Medical Director Regional Care Centers University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Chapter 40: Malignant Melanoma viii CONTRIBUTORS Paul D. Brown, MD Charles Catton, MD, FRCPC Professor Professor Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Princess Margaret Hospital Houston, Texas Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chapter 24: Low-Grade Gliomas Chapter 63: Soft Tissue Sarcoma Thomas A. Buchholz, MD, FACR Bruce A. Chabner, MD Professor and Chair Professor Department of Radiation Oncology; Department of Medicine Director Harvard Medical School; Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Program Director of Clinical Research University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center MGH Cancer Center Houston, Texas Massachusetts General Hospital Disease Sites, Part G, Breast Cancer: Overview; Chapter 62: Boston, Massachusetts Breast Cancer: Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy, Locally Chapter 8: Principles of Chemotherapy Advanced Disease, and Inflammatory Breast Cancer Michael D. Chan, MD Jeffrey C. Buchsbaum, MD, PhD, AM Assistant Professor Radiation Oncologist Department of Radiation Oncology Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center; Wake Forest University Health Sciences Associate Professor Winston-Salem, North Carolina Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics Chapter 26: Benign Brain Tumors: Meningiomas and Vestibular Indiana University School of Medicine Schwannomas Bloomington, Indiana Sam T. Chao, MD Chapter 69: Retinoblastoma Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center Michael Burke, MD Department of Radiation Oncology Space Coast Medical Imaging Cleveland Clinic Melbourne, Florida Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 9: Imaging in Oncology Chapter 27: Pituitary Tumors Steven J. Buskirk, MD Peter Chung, MD, FRCPC Professor of Radiation Oncology Assistant Professor Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology Consultant University of Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital Mayo Clinic Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jacksonville, Florida Chapter 63: Soft Tissue Sarcoma Chapter 54: Kidney and Ureteral Carcinoma John J. Coen, MD Stuart K. Calderwood, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital Director Boston, Massachusetts Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology Chapter 52: Bladder Cancer Department of Radiation Oncology Louis S. Constine, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Professor Boston, Massachusetts Department of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics; Chapter 2: Molecular and Cellular Biology Vice Chair Matthew D. Callister, MD Department of Radiation Oncology Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology James P. Wilmot Cancer Center Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center Consultant Rochester, New York Department of Radiation Oncology Chapter 13: Survivorship and Late Effects; Chapter 72: Mayo Clinic Pediatric Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Scottsdale, Arizona Benjamin W. Corn, MD Chapter 45: Gastric/GE Junction Cancer; Chapter 50: Anal Professor of Oncology Carcinoma Tel Aviv University School of Medicine; Felipe A. Calvo, MD Chairman Professor and Chair Institute of Radiotherapy Department of Oncology Tel Aviv Medical Center Hospital General Universitario Tel Aviv, Israel Hospital General Universaro Chapter 25: High-Grade Gliomas Gregorio Marañón Allan Covens, MD, FRCSC Madrid, Spain Head, Gynecologic Oncology Chapter 45: Gastric/GE Junction Cancer Obstetrics and Gynecology George M. Cannon, MD Sunnybrook Health Science Center; Department of Human Oncology Professor University of Wisconsin Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine and Public Health University of Toronto Madison, Wisconsin Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chapter 31: Oropharyngeal Cancer Chapter 59: Ovarian Cancer CONTRIBUTORS ix Oana Craciunescu, PhD Jeffrey S. Dome, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology Division Chief Duke University Medical Center Oncology and Principal Investigator Durham, North Carolina Children’s Research Institute (CRI) Chapter 21: Hyperthermia Center for Cancer and Immunology Research (CCIR) Children’s National Medical Center; Carien L. Creutzberg, MD, PhD Professor of Pediatrics Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology George Washington University Department of Clinical Oncology School of Medicine and Health Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Washington, DC Leiden, The Netherlands Chapter 68: Wilms’ Tumor Chapter 57: Endometrial Cancer John H. Donohue, MD Juanita Crook, MD, FCRPC Professor of Surgery Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Surgery British Columbia Cancer Agency Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center for the Southern Interior Rochester, Minnesota Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada Chapter 7: Surgical Principles Chapter 55: Penile Cancer Thierry Duprez, MD Walter J. Curran, Jr., MD, FACR Professor Lawrence W. Davis Chair of Radiation Oncology Department of Diagnostic Radiology Emory University School of Medicine; Head and Neck Oncology Program Medical Director Université Catholique de Louvain Emory Winship Cancer Institute Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc Atlanta, Georgia Service de Radiologie, RMN Chapter 41: Small Cell Lung Cancer Brussels, Belgium Brian G. Czito, MD Chapter 38: Management of the Neck Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology Pinaki Dutta, MD, PhD Duke University Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology Durham, North Carolina Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Chapter 16: Intraoperative Irradiation; Chapter 48: Colon Rockville Centre, New York Cancer Chapter 35: Salivary Gland Malignancies Shiva Das, PhD Jason A. Efstathiou, MD, PhD Professor of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center Brigham and Women’s Hospital Durham, North Carolina Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Chapter 21: Hyperthermia Boston, Massachusetts Marc David, MD, FRCPC Chapter 52: Bladder Cancer Assistant Professor Avraham Eisbruch, MD McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Professor Montreal General Hospital University of Michigan Montreal, Quebec, Canada Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 23: Metastatic Disease: Bone, Spinal Cord, Brain, Chapter 15: Conformal Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Liver, and Lung Radiation Therapy: Treatment Planning, Treatment Delivery, and Thomas F. DeLaney, MD Clinical Results Medical Director Mary Feng, MD Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center Assistant Professor Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Michigan Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology School of Medicine Harvard Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan Boston, Massachusetts Chapter 47: Hepatobiliary Cancer Chapter 19: Charged Particle Radiotherapy Rui P. Fernandes, DMD, MD, FACS Mark Dewhirst, DVM, PhD Assistant Professor Gustavo S. Montana Professor of Radiation Oncology Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Durham, North Carolina Chief Chapter 21: Hyperthermia Section of Head and Neck Cancer Colleen Dickie, MSc, MRT(T)(MR) Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Sarcoma Research Radiation Therapist Program Director Radiation Medicine Department Microvascular Fellowship Princess Margaret Hospital University of Florida College of Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jacksonville, Florida Chapter 63: Soft Tissue Sarcoma Chapter 30: Oral Cavity Cancer Julia R. Fielding, MD Professor of Radiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapter 9: Imaging in Oncology
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