Clinical pediatric and adolescent gynecology

466 Pages·2009·6.53 MB·English

by  Joseph S. Sanfilippo

Clinical Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

Clinical Pediatric and
Adolescent Gynecology
Edited by
Joseph S Sanfilippo
MD MBA
Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
Director, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Vice Chairman, Reproductive Sciences
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Eduardo Lara-Torre
MD
Associate Residency Program Director for Obstetrics & Gynecology
Carilion Clinic
and Director of Ambulatory Gynecology and Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Roanoke, Virginia, USA
D Keith Edmonds
MD FRCOG
Clinical Program Director
Women’s and Children’s Services
Queen Charlotte & Chelsea Hospital
London, United Kingdom
Claire Templeman
MD
Chief of Gynecology, Children’s Hospital,
and University Hospital
Los Angeles, California, USA
Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
52 Vanderbilt Avenue
New York, NY 10017
© 2009 by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Informa Healthcare is an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Clinical pediatric and adolescent gynecology / edited by Joseph S. Sanfi lioppo . . . [et
al.].
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-415-44888-8 (hb : alk. paper) 1. Pediatric gynecology. 2. Adolescent
gynecology. I. Sanfi lippo, J. S. (Joseph S.)
[DNLM: 1. Genital Diseases, Female. 2. Adolescent Medicine. 3. Adolescent. 4. Child.
5. Pediatrics. WS 360 C6408 2009]
RJ478.C54 2009
618.92'098–dc22 2008039928
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Composition by Exeter Premedia Services Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India
Contents
Foreword ix
Paul G McDonough
Preface x
Joseph S Sanfilippo
List of contributors xi
SECTION I: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1
1. Embryology and prepubertal anatomy 3
Kunwar P Bhatnagar
2. Adolescent pubertal development 20
Shawn Smith, Kimberly McClanahan, and Hatim Omar
3. Precocious puberty 32
Paul Kaplowitz
4. Delayed puberty 40
Loreta M Matheo and Pamela J Murray
5. Disorders of sexual differentiation 62
Joe Leigh Simpson
6. Adolescent nutrition 97
Kimberly McClanahan, Marlene Huff, and Hatim Omar
SECTION II: MEDICAL PROBLEMS 111
7. The physical exam in the pediatric and adolescent patient 113
Eduardo Lara-Torre
8. Human papillomavirus and abnormal cervical cytology in adolescents 124
Lea E Widdice and Anna-Barbara Moscicki
9. Vaginal discharge and genital bleeding in childhood 140
Mary Anne Jamieson
10. Basic dermatology in children and adolescents 154
Angela S Casey, Gulnar Pothiawala, and Robin P Gehris
11. Menstrual disorders in adolescents 177
Claire Templeman
12. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hirsutism in adolescents 186
J Ricardo Loret de Mola
13. Breast disorders in children and adolescents 195
Nirupama K De Silva and Mary L Brandt
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CONTENTS
14. Adolescent sexuality 212
Jennifer E Dietrich and S Paige Hertweck
15. Adolescent contraception 229
Sari Kives and Rachel F Spitzer
16. Adolescent pregnancy 254
Tia Melton
17. Adolescents and sexually transmitted infections 263
Jill S Huppert and Frank M Biro
18. Child sexual abuse 277
Astrid Heppenstall Heger
19. Psychiatric disorders and reproductive health 287
Rollyn M Ornstein
20. Sports-related problems in reproductive care 301
Joseph S Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, and Claire Templeman
21. Reproductive health care for developmentally disabled adolescents 309
Elizabeth H Quint and Susan D Ernst
22. Contraceptive dilemmas for adolescents with chronic medical conditions 321
Janice L Bacon
23. Obesity in adolescence 329
Nichole Zidenberg
24. Legal and confidentiality issues in pediatric and adolescent gynecology 335
Steven R Smith
SECTION III: THE SURGICAL PATIENT 345
25. Perioperative care of the pediatric and adolescent gynecology patient 347
Mary E Fallat
26. Genital injuries and other gynecological emergencies in children and adolescents 354
Diane F Merritt
27. Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis 365
Joseph S Sanfilippo and M Jonathon Solnik
28. Treatment of anomalies of the reproductive tract 381
D Keith Edmonds
29. Pediatric urogynecologic abnormalities 397
Justine M Schober and Christopher RJ Woodhouse
30. Adnexal masses in the neonate, child, and adolescent 417
Lisa M Allen, Nathalie A Fleming, and Julie L Strickland
Index 431
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CONTENTS
Contents of CD
Video presentations
1. Davidov vaginoplasty
S Paige Hertweck and Sari Kives
2. Posterior vaginal approach to transverse vaginal septum
Eduardo Lara-Torre, Mary E Fallat, Sari Kives, and S Paige Hertweck
3. Obstructed hemivagina
Mary Ann Jamieson and Amanda Black
4. Thick imperforate hymen
Mary Ann Jamieson and Amanda Black
5. Vaginal agenesis
Mary Ann Jamieson and Amanda Black
6. Vaginoscopy with hysteroscope
Mary Ann Jamieson and Amanda Black
7. Laparoscopic gonadectomy
Sari Kives
8. Laparoscopic management of ovarian torsion
Sari Kives
9. Vaginoscopy
Sari Kives
10. Rudimentary uterine horn removal
Ted Lee, Richard Guido, and Michael Haggerty
11. Uterus didelphy with obstructed hemivagina
Diane Merritt
12. Ovarian torsion management by laparotomy
Diane Merritt
13. Lysis of labial adhesions
Elizabeth Quint
14. Laparoscopic presacral neurectomy
Linda Yang and Suketu Mansuria
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CONTENTS
Supplemental materials
1. Internet links
2. Criteria, charts, and values
2.1 WHO contraceptive criteria
2.2 Normal growth charts
2.3 Normal laboratory values
3. Clinical resources
3.1 Coding for adolescent reproductive health services
3.2 Adolescent health risk assessment
3.3 Tips for protecting youth confidentiality
3.4 Letter to parents
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Foreword
There are ever increasing numbers of physicians in the title Clinical Pediatric and Adolescent
who specialize in the care of children with gyneco- Gynecology. Throughout the book are many useful
logic problems. Yet few special areas of medicine tips to assist the clinician in examining the small
have had to struggle to define its rightful place in infant and difficult adolescent. The topics may seem
the clinical arena as much as pediatric and adoles- to lack the cohesive spine of a more focused work,
cent gynecology. In fact, the twists and turns of but there is an impressive body of information in
pediatric and adolescent gynecology have been like this book by Joseph Sanfilippo and colleagues. The
a Wagnerian epic. This book helps to outline the text is well written and some presentations are
scope of the specialty and should be required read- especially good at avoiding distracting details while
ing for those clinicians who work in this important providing useful approximations and novel insights
area of medicine. Its chapters zigzag across the for the busy clinician. It may not be possible to
intersecting fields of endocrinology, urology, sur- absorb all the chapters in this book in one sitting,
gery, clinical genetics, oncology and psychiatry. The but it is a treat to be able to return and reread
numbers of topics covered in the chapters of this certain topics frequently. There is much material
book illustrate how much the clinical practice of here to learn and unlearn.
pediatric and adolescent gynecology has evolved The editors led by Sanfilippo have taken up the
over the past several decades. gauntlet from a small number of historic “galvaniz-
The authors are a remarkable sample of the ers” who turned people on to the importance of
people who have helped to galvanize this field and pediatric and adolescent gynecology as a distinct
established it as a distinct and important area of area of clinical medicine many decades ago. Though
clinical medicine. Together they carefully dissect small in numbers these individuals (John Huffman,
each of the topics in this field, including periopera- Vince Capraro, John Dewhurst, Alvin Goldfarb)
tive care, sports medicine and confidentiality transformed what was largely a descriptive science
issues surrounding the care of children and adoles- into a major tool for the study of pediatric and
cents. Their frequent references to randomized adolescent gynecology. Their role in setting the pace
controlled trials, clinical prediction rates and treat- for scientific change in pediatric and adolescent
ment algorithms show that this field of medicine gynecology is still underappreciated.
has effectively transitioned into the leitmotif of The authors of this book, who are literally the
evidence-based medicine. The technologies that scientific grandchildren of the founding fathers,
are essential to clinical care of the 2000s such as advance us further. They make us realize that trans-
imaging (US, MRI) and DNA diagnostics are deftly lational research is not just taking results from the
woven into the content of each clinical topic. This is bench to the bedside, but reversing the process may
very important since magnetic resonance imaging be equally important. The unexpected responses of
(MRI) has assumed a role of unparalleled importance patients, observed by astute clinicians, constitute
in diagnostic medicine and more recently in basic valuable human experiments and serve to generate
research. new ideas and hypotheses that can advance the
This edition is especially designed for clinicians science of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.
who work in the area of pediatric and adolescent
gynecology on a daily basis. This is aptly reflected Paul G McDonough
