Clinical Parasitology: A Practical Approach

385 Pages·2012·52.18 MB·English

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Clinical Parasitology
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Clinical Parasitology
A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Second Edition
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Elizabeth A. Gockel-Blessing (formerly Zeibig), PhD, MLS(ASCP)CM
Interim Associate Dean for Student and Academic Affairs
Program Director, Master of Science in Health Sciences
Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science
Doisy College for Health Sciences
Saint Louis University
St. Louis, Missouri
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3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH ISBN: 978-1-4160-6044-4
Copyright © 2013, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further
information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such
as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website:
www.elsevier.com/permissions.
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protecteRd under copyright by the
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Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changping. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, p.rofessional practices, or medical
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treatment may become necessary. vi
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In
using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of
others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check
the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of
each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and
duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying
on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages
and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,
instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-1-4160-6044-4
Publishing Director: Andrew Allen
Content Manager: Ellen Wurm-Cutter
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
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For Bob
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
Charity E. Accurso, PhD, MT(ASCP) Michelle Mantooth, MSc, MLS(ASCP)CM,
Assistant Professor CG(ASCP)CM
Medical Laboratory Science Program MLT Instructor
University of Cincinnati Trident Technical College
Cincinnati, Ohio Charleston, South Carolina
Hassan A. Aziz, PhD, MLS(ASCP)CM Lauren Roberts, MS, MT(ASCP)
Director and Associate Professor Microbiology Laboratory
Biomedical Sciences St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center
Qatar University Phoenix, Arizona
Doha, Qatar
John P. Seabolt, EdD, MT(ASCP)SM
Lynda A. Britton, PhD, MLS(ASCP)CM SM Senior Academic Coordinator
Program Director and Professor Department of Biology
Program in Clinical Laboratory Sciences University of Kentucky
Department of Clinical Sciences Lexington, Kentucky
School of Allied Health Professions
LSU Health Sciences Center Teresa A. Taff, MA, MT(ASCP)SM
Shreveport, Louisiana Laboratory Manager and Program Director
School of Clinical Laboratory Science
Janice M. Conway-Klaassen, PhD, Mercy Hospital St. Louis
MT(ASCP)SM St. Louis, Missouri
Director, Clinical Laboratory Science
University of Minnesota
TEST BANK WRITER
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Janice M. Conway-Klaassen, PhD,
Jill Dennis, EdD, MLS(ASCP)CM MT(ASCP)SM
Associate Dean of Academic Operations Director, Clinical Laboratory Science
Assistant Professor of Medical Laboratory University of Minnesota
Science Minneapolis, Minnesota
Thomas University
Thomasville, Georgia
Linda J. Graeter, PhD, MT(ASCP)
Associate Professor
Medical Laboratory Science Program
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio
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R E V I E W E R S
Thomas Betsy, DC Amy R. Kapanka, MS, MT(ASCP)SC
Professor MLT Program Director
Bergen Community College Hawkeye Community College
Paramus, New Jersey Waterloo, Iowa
Adjunct Professor
Felician College Perthena Latchaw, MS, MLS(ASCP)CM
Lodi, New Jersey MLT Program Director
Adjunct Professor Seminole State College
SUNY Rockland Community College Seminole, Oklahoma
Suffern, New York
Laura A. Mayer
Dorothy M. Boisvert, EdD, MT(ASCP) Office Assistant
Professor Doisy College of Health Sciences
Department of Biology/Chemistry Office of the Dean
Fitchburg State College Saint Louis University
Fitchburg, Massachusetts St. Louis, Missouri
Donna M. Duberg, MA, MS, MT(ASCP)SM Paula C. Mister, MS, MT, SM(ASCP)
Vice-Chair, Assistant Professor Educational Coordinator and Clinical
Clinical Laboratory Science Department Microbiology Instructor
Doisy College of Health Sciences Medical Microbiology
Saint Louis University Johns Hopkins Hospital
St. Louis, Missouri Instructor, Biology Department
Community Colleges of Baltimore County
Alese M. Furnald, BS, MLS(ASCP)CM Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory
Clinical Laboratory Scientist and Instructor
Microbiologist Stevenson University
Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Baltimore, Maryland
Columbia, Missouri
Cynthia Parsons, MS, MT(ASCP)
Lynne Hamilton, PhD, MT(ASCP) Program Director, Medical Laboratory
Assistant Professor Technology
Clinical Laboratory Science Program Northeast Texas Community College
School of Allied Health Sciences Mt. Pleasant, Texas
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Lubbock, Texas Lauren Roberts, MS, MT(ASCP)
Microbiology Laboratory
Katherine M. Hopper, MS, MT St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Phoenix, Arizona
Nashville, Tennessee
Anne T. Rodgers, PhD, MT(ASCP)
Retired Professor of Medical Technology
Hendersonville, North Carolina
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viii REVIEWERS
Wendy Warren Sweatt, MT(ASCP), MS, CLS Linda Layne Williford Pifer, PhD, SM(ASCP),
Clinical Coordinator GS(ABB)
Center for Professional, Career, and Technical Professor, Department of Clinical Laboratory
Education Sciences
Jefferson State Community College University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Birmingham, Alabama Memphis, Tennessee
Teresa A. Taff, MA, MT(ASCP)SM Michele B. Zitzmann, MHS, MLS(ASCP)
Laboratory Manager and Program Director Associate Professor
School of Clinical Laboratory Science Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences
Mercy Hospital St. Louis Louisiana State University Health Sciences
St. Louis, Missouri Center
New Orleans, Louisiana
Valerie A. Watson, MS
Department of Microbiology, Immunology &
Cell Biology
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia
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PREFACE ix
P R E F A C E
Parasitology is an important component of The location of this chapter has been moved
clinical laboratory medicine. The results obtained from the last chapter in the book to the second
through specimen examination for parasites, chapter of the book right after the introduction
provide invaluable information regarding the discussion. An updated, where appropriate, lab-
diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Track- oratory diagnosis section is incorporated under
ing the epidemiology of such organisms as the discussion of each parasite. Second is that of
well as establishing prevention mechanisms may accurate organism identification, which is para-
be accomplished with the assistance of this mount to successful parasitology. To enhance
information. proper organism identification, full-color photo-
Although numerous advances in technology micrographs are now embedded within the
have been developed during recent years, the tra- corresponding parasite discussions. Full-color
ditional technique of manually processing and detailed line drawings, many of which are
examining the samples both macroscopically and enlarged to show detail, with structures labelled,
microscopically still occurs in select clinical set- where appropriate and updated “Typical Char-
tings. It is critical that well-educated and highly acteristics at a Glance” tables have been added.
trained individuals perform these procedures as Periodic references to other chapters, without
well as read and interpret the results. Thus, the being redundant, are strategically placed in the
goal of this second edition is to provide such text to assist the reader in quickly finding addi-
information for students preparing for a career tional information.
in laboratory medicine, for learners in related Several parasites deemed appropriate, primar-
disciplines, which include parasitology, and for ily in the Arthropod Chapter (Chapter 13) have
clinical practitioners. been added to this second edition. Under the
This “learner friendly” text is designed to individual parasite descriptions concise informa-
assist learners in both the didactic and laboratory tion is incorporated regarding life cycle notes,
components associated with human clinical par- epidemiology, clinical symptomatology, treat-
asitology. Students using this book will have the ment, prevention and control, and notes of
opportunity to develop the skills necessary to interest and new trends, where appropriate.
become proficient entry-level practitioners. Cur- Features such as side-by-side comparison
rently practicing clinicians may also find this drawings and an entire chapter dedicated to
book of use as both a reference at the bench and common artifacts and confusers (Chapter 12)
as a mechanism for these individuals to review that were placed into the first edition are also
and sharpen their skills. In alignment with included in this edition with revisions for clarity
Elsevier standards, the term laboratory techni- made as appropriate. The introduction to each
cians is used throughout the book when referring chapter is now known as a feature called “Focus-
to practicing laboratorians. The term in this ing In,” whereas the summary of each chapter
context does not refer to a specific level of prac- constitutes the section entitled “Looking Back.”
titioner but rather to all practitioners. A series of chapter review questions and a case
In order to accomplish the aforementioned study with questions for consideration comprise
goal, the primary focus of this text is two-fold. the section at the end of appropriate chapters
First is that assurance that proper diagnostic entitled “Test Your Knowledge.”
laboratory techniques are employed when con- This second edition contains several addi-
ducting parasitology testing. The major adjust- tional features worthy of mentioning that pertain
ments/new features designed to address this to the book in general, to specific chapters, and/
component of the two-fold focus are as follows. or to individual parasite discussions. Learning
ix
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