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Clinical Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment PDF

519 Pages·2010·2.96 MB·English
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Clinical Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment This page intentionally left blank Clinical Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Edited by Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. Ken C. Winters, Ph.D. Washington, DC London, England Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family. Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of APPI or the American Psychiatric Association. If you would like to buy between 25 and 99 copies of this or any other APPI title, you are eligible for a 20% discount; please contact APPI Customer Service at [email protected] or 800-368-5777. If you wish to buy 100 or more copies of the same title, please e-mail us at [email protected] for a price quote. Copyright © 2011 American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper 14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition Typeset in Adobe AGaramond and Formata. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 1000 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22209-3901 www.appi.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clinical manual of adolescent substance abuse treatment / edited by Yifrah Kaminer, Ken C. Winters. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-58562-381-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Teenagers—Substance use. 2. Substance abuse—Treatment. I. Kaminer, Yifrah, 1951– II. Winters, Ken C. [DNLM: 1. Substance-Related Disorders—diagnosis. 2. Substance-Related Disorders—therapy. 3. Adolescent. 4. Comorbidity. WM 270 C64135 2011] RJ506.D78C65 2011 616.86′060835--dc22 2010015528 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Contents Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. Ken C. Winters, Ph.D. 1 Prevalence and Clinical Course of Adolescent Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders. . .1 Tammy Chung, Ph.D. Christopher S. Martin, Ph.D. Adolescence as Critical Developmental Period for Initiation of Substance Involvement. . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Substance Use Prevalence in Adolescents. . . . . . . . . . .3 Trajectories of Substance Use During Adolescence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 DSM-IV SUD Prevalence in Adolescent Samples. . . . . .8 SUD Diagnosis and Treatment Utilization . . . . . . . . . . .9 Limitations of DSM-IV SUDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Developmentally Informed SUD Assessment . . . . . . .11 Course of Adolescent-Onset SUDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Key Clinical Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Suggested Readings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Relevant Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2 Prevention of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders: Role of Risk and Protective Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Richard F. Catalano, Ph.D. Kevin P. Haggerty, M.S.W. J. David Hawkins, Ph.D. Jenna Elgin, M.Ed. Nature and Extent of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Role of Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Role of Protective and Promotive Factors . . . . . . . . . .37 Tested and Effective Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Suggested Readings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Relevant Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 3 Screening and Brief Interventions for Adolescent Substance Use in the General Office Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Sharon Levy, M.D., M.P.H. Ken C. Winters, Ph.D. John R. Knight, M.D. Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Brief Interventions in Primary Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Adolescents Who Screen Negative for High-Risk Drug Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Adolescents Who Screen Positive for High-Risk Drug Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Follow-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Suggested Readings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Relevant Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 4 Biomarker Testing for Substance Use in Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Janelle E. Arias, M.D. Albert J. Arias, M.D. Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. Social Context of Youth Drug Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Concordance Among Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Available Biomarkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Overview of Testing by Sample Source . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Drug Enforcement Administration Schedule for Selected Drugs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Testing for Specific Drugs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Suggested Reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Relevant Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 5 Placement Criteria and Treatment Planning for Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Marc Fishman, M.D. General Principles of Treatment Planning and Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Dimensional Assessment and Treatment Planning Using the ASAM PPC-2R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Treatment Matching and Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 6 Adolescent Behavioral Change: Process and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Ken C. Winters, Ph.D. Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. Advances in Youth Treatment Research. . . . . . . . . . .144 The Therapeutic Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 How to Differentiate Youth From Adults in Preparation for Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Assessment Reactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Heterogeneity of Response to Adolescent Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Aftercare or Continued Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 Adaptive Treatment for Youth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Key Clinical Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Suggested Reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 7 Pharmacotherapy of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. Lisa A. Marsch, Ph.D. Challenges in the Development of Pharmacotherapy for Adolescents With AOSUDs . . .164 Drug-Specific Pharmacotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 Future Directions and Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 8 Club Drug, Prescription Drug, and Over-the-Counter Medication Abuse: Description, Diagnosis, and Intervention . . . .187 Christian Hopfer, M.D. Club Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications. . . .200 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Relevant Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 9 Brief Motivational Interventions, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Contingency Management for Youth Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. Anthony Spirito, Ph.D., A.B.P.P. William Lewander, M.D. Brief Motivational Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Contingency Management Reinforcement Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 Key Clinical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Relevant Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

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Clinical Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment brings together extensive new research in the field of adolescent substance abuse to serve as a comprehensive resource for psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, substance abuse specialists, and other clinicians, as well as residents and
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