Clinical laboratory animal medicine : an introduction

449 Pages·2013·15.21 MB·English

by  Denison

Clinical Laboratory Animal
Medicine

Clinical Laboratory Animal
Medicine
An Introduction
Fourth Edition
Karen Hrapkiewicz, DVM, MS, DACLAM
Lesley Colby, DVM, MS, DACLAM
Patricia Denison, LVT, LATG
This edition first published 2013 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Third edition, 2007 © Karen Hrapkiewicz and Leticia Medina
Second edition, 1998 © Iowa State University Press
First edition, 1984 © Iowa State University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hrapkiewicz, Karen, author.
Clinical laboratory animal medicine : an introduction / Karen Hrapkiewicz, Lesley Colby, Patricia Denison.
– Fourth edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-34510-8 (softback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-68577-8 – ISBN 978-1-118-68585-3 (Mobi)
– ISBN 978-1-118-68594-5 – ISBN 978-1-118-68596-9 – ISBN 978-1-118-68606-5 (print)
I. Colby, Lesley, author. II. Denison, Patricia, author. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Animals, Laboratory. 2. Animal Diseases. 3. Laboratory Animal Science. QY 50]
SF996.5
636.089–dc23
2013012732
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be
available in electronic books.
Cover images: DNA © AndrewJohnson; Stethoscope © mashabuba; Monkey © 4FR; Rabbit © PinnacleMarketing;
Gerbil © s-a-m; Rat © annedde
Cover design by Nicole Teut
Set in 10/13 pt Stempel Garamond by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2013
I dedicate this book in memory of my parents, Theodosia and
Leopold, for their lifelong encouragement and love.
KH
I dedicate this book:
• To the memory of all the animals that have contributed both to
my education and to the advancement of human and veterinary
health. It has been a pleasure learning from you.
• To the animal technicians, veterinary technicians, and
veterinarians who have devoted their lives to the care of
laboratory animals and in support of animal welfare. It has been
an honor working beside you.
• To my husband, Ben; our children, Nate and Tess; and our
“special” family members (aka dogs), Troika, Ronal Danne,
Tasha, and Bacca—for your incredible patience and support
through all the nights, weekends, and holidays I spent studying
or working over the years. Without you, I would not be who I
am today.
LAC
I dedicate this work to the memory of my parents, Dr. Stefan and
Shirley Foltan, who instilled a lifelong love of science and
compassion for animals, and to my husband, Matt, for his endless
patience and support. I also extend heartfelt gratitude to co-author
Dr. Karen Hrapkiewicz, who has always been a mentor in all things
laboratory animal.
PLD
NOTE
The dosages given in this text are derived from published literature, but as few drugs are
specifically licensed for use in the species described, the application is often extra-label and
may be empirical or based on clinical experience. The authors have made every attempt to
verify all dosages and references; however, despite these efforts, errors in the original sources
or in the preparation of this book may have occurred. Users of this text should exercise
caution and evaluate all dosages prior to use to determine that they are reasonable.
Contents
About the Authors xi
Preface xiii
About the Companion Web Site xv
1 Introduction to Laboratory Animal Medicine 1
Animals Used in Research, Product Safety Testing, and Education 2
Ethical Considerations 5
Organizations 9
References 14
Further Reading 14
Chapter 1 Review 15
2 Regulations, Policies, and Principles Governing the Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals 18
Animal Welfare Act and Regulations 18
References 31
Further Reading 32
Chapter 2 Review 32
3 Facility Design, Equipment, Housing, and Management 34
Laboratory Animal Facility Design 34
Biosecurity 35
Facility Equipment 41
Housing 43
Management 48
References 50
Further Reading 50
Chapter 3 Review 51
vii
viii Contents
4 Mice 54
Genetics 54
Microbiologic Classifications 56
Uses 57
Behavior 57
Anatomic and Physiologic Features 58
Breeding and Reproduction 60
Husbandry 61
Techniques 66
Special Techniques: Transgenic Production Technology 76
Therapeutic Agents 80
Introduction to Diseases of Mice 80
References 94
Further Reading 97
Chapter 4 Review 102
5 Rats 105
Genetics 105
Microbiologic Classifications 106
Uses 107
Behavior 107
Anatomic and Physiologic Features 108
Breeding and Reproduction 110
Husbandry 110
Techniques 113
Therapeutic Agents 123
Introduction to Diseases of Rats 123
References 138
Further Reading 140
Chapter 5 Review 143
6 Gerbils 145
Uses 145
Behavior 146
Anatomic and Physiologic Features 146
Breeding and Reproduction 147
Husbandry 148
Techniques 149
Therapeutic Agents 156
Introduction to Diseases of Gerbils 156
References 161
Further Reading 163
Chapter 6 Review 164
7 Hamsters 167
Uses 167
Behavior 168