Clinical Guide to Popular Diets

159 Pages·2018·6.126 MB·English

by  Apovian, Caroline, Brouillard, Elizabeth, Young, Lorraine

Clinical Guide to
Popular Diets

Clinical Guide to
Popular Diets
Edited by
Caroline Apovian
Elizabeth Brouillard
Lorraine Young
Cover design concept created by Mary-Catherine Stockman, RD, LDN
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data
Names: Apovian, Caroline M., editor. | Brouillard, Elizabeth, editor. |
Young, Lorraine (Physician), editor.
Title: Clinical guide to popular diets / [edited by] Caroline Apovian,
Elizabeth Brouillard & Lorraine Young.
Other titles: Popular diets
Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017048956 | ISBN 9781498774307 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Reducing diets--Evaluation.
Classification: LCC RM222.2 .C51945 2018 | DDC 613.2/5--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017048956
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Introduction ..............................................................................................................vii
Editors .......................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 The Atkins Diet ....................................................................................1
Laura E. Matarese and Glenn K. Harvin
Chapter 2 DASH Diet .........................................................................................15
Thomas J. Moore, Megan Murphy, and Lin Pao-Hwa
Chapter 3 iDiet ....................................................................................................35
Susan B. Roberts, Amy Krauss, Madeleine M. Gamache,
and Sai Krupa Das
Chapter 4 The Mediterranean Diet .....................................................................53
Sally M. Cohen
Chapter 5 The Paleo Diet ....................................................................................71
Laura Andromalos
Chapter 6 The South Beach Diet ........................................................................87
Meghan Ariagno
Chapter 7 Vegan Diets ........................................................................................99
Sai Krupa Das, Micaela C. Karlsen, Caroline Blanchard,
and Susan B. Roberts
Chapter 8 The Weight Watchers Diet ...............................................................113
Megan Barnett
Chapter 9 The Zone Diet ..................................................................................127
Catherine Fanning
Index ......................................................................................................................141
v

Introduction
As most clinicians know obesity rates continue to rise, with the most recent NHANES
data, from 2011–2014, indicating that 36.5% of US adults are considered obese.1 The
health risks of obesity are well researched and documented, including type 2 diabe-
tes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis,
sleep apnea, and some types of cancer.2 Modest weight loss of 5%–10% has been
shown to significantly improve obesity-related conditions.3 The physiology behind
obtaining this weight loss is a negative energy balance, however, the diet macronutri-
ent composition for the best results is still debated. The American Heart Association,
American College of Cardiology, and The Obesity Society performed a systemic
review of the literature and found that of the 17 diets with varying macronutrient
composition that have been studied, no diet was superior for weight loss or weight
maintenance. However, the biggest predictor of weight loss was determined to be
adherence to a diet.2 As a clinician, many patients may look to you to recommend
a diet program. Since no one diet has demonstrated superiority, it is important to
understand the available diet plans on the market in order to guide your patients to
the diet right for them; one they will be able to incorporate into their lifestyle for
long-term success.
This book will provide you with a non-biased review of several popular diets that
have been available and marketed for many years. The diets in this review include
The Atkins Diet, The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet, the
iDiet, the Mediterranean Diet, Paleo Diets, South Beach Diet, vegetarian diets,
Weight Watchers, and the Zone Diet. Each chapter will give you an overview of the
diet, explain how the diet works, provide current research, illustrate typical results,
list the pros and cons of the diet, and suggest patients that would benefit most from
each diet. Our goal with this book is to assist you in guiding your patients to choose
a diet that is most appropriate for them and one they will be able to follow for long-
term results.
REFERENCES
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Hyattsville, MD:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention; 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/factsheets/factsheet_nhanes.htm
2. Jensen M, Ryan D. et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of over-
weight and obesity in adults. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American
Heart Association. J AM Coll Cardiol 2014;63(25):2985–3023.
3. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Obesity
Education Initiative. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment
of overweight and obesity in adults. Obes Res 1998;6(Suppl 2):51S–210S.
vii

Editors
Caroline Apovian, MD, FACP, DABOM, is professor of Medicine and Pediatrics,
in the Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition at Boston University
School of Medicine, USA. She is also director of the Center for Nutrition and Weight
Management at Boston Medical Center, USA. Dr. Apovian is a nationally and inter-
nationally recognized authority on Nutrition and Obesity Medicine and has been in
the field of Obesity and Nutrition since 1990. Her current research interests are in:
weight loss and its effects on endothelial cell function obesity and cardiovascular
disease, adipose cell metabolism and inflammation, resolution of diabetes and car-
diovascular disease in the bariatric surgery population, disparities in the treatment
of obesity in underserved populations, and novel pharmacotherapeutic anti-obesity
agents. She is also an expert in the technique for subcutaneous adipose tissue biop-
sies, and has been studying the relationship between adipose tissue inflammation and
obesity for over 10 years. Dr. Apovian was a member of the expert panel for updating
the 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Overweight
and Obesity in Adults, published in Circulation and Obesity journals and was the
Chair of the Endocrine Society guidelines for Medical Treatment of Obesity pub-
lished in the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism in 2015.
Dr. Apovian was a recipient of the Physician Nutrition Specialist Award given
by the American Society of Clinical Nutrition. This was for her work on developing
and providing nutrition education to medical students and physicians in training at
Boston University School of Medicine. She has published over 200 original peer-
reviewed articles, chapters, and reviews on the topics of: obesity, nutrition, and the
relationship between adipose tissue and risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Dr. Apovian has given over 150 invited lectures nationally and internationally and
currently serves as President Elect of The Obesity Society (TOS) for 2016-17.
Elizabeth Brouillard, RD, LDN, CDE, is the Nutrition Manager for The Center
of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management at Boston Medical
Center. She completed her dietetic degree at the University of Maryland and went
to New Presbyterian Hospital for her clinical internship. She has been a registered
dietitian for 10 years and has focused most of her career on weight management and
diabetes. She obtained a certificate in adult weight management from the Academy
for Nutrition and Dietetic and is a Certified Diabetes Educator. Elizabeth works in
outpatient settings and sees patients every day struggle to make diet and lifestyle
changes for weight loss and glycemic control. Many of her patients have tried several
different diets with varying success in the past and Elizabeth has been able to work
with these patients to determine which diet plan will work best for them based on
their current health, lifestyle, and food preferences.
Lorraine Young, RD, MS, CNSC, LDN, is the Clinical Nutrition Manager (CNM)
and Home Nutrition Support Dietitian at Boston Medical Center (BMC). This posi-
tion is part of the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition. She is also
ix