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Clinical Examination of Farm Animals BY Peter G.G. Jackson BVM&S,MA,DVM&S,FRCVS University of Cambridge UK & Peter D. Cockcroft MA,VetMB,MSc,DCHP,DVM&S,MRCVS, University of Cambridge UK Illustrations by Samantha Elmhurst,BA Hons & Mike Pearson Blackwell Science Clinical Examination of Farm Animals BY Peter G.G. Jackson BVM&S,MA,DVM&S,FRCVS University of Cambridge UK & Peter D. Cockcroft MA,VetMB,MSc,DCHP,DVM&S,MRCVS, University of Cambridge UK Illustrations by Samantha Elmhurst,BA Hons & Mike Pearson Blackwell Science © 2002 by Blackwell Science Ltd, First published 2002 by Blackwell Science Ltd a Blackwell Publishing Company Editorial Offices: Library of Congress Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tel:+44 (0)1865 206206 Jackson, Peter G. G. Blackwell Science, Inc., 350 Main Street, Clinical examination of farm animals/by Peter G.G. Jackson Malden, MA02148-5018, USA & Peter D. Cockcroft. Tel:+1 781 388 8250 p. cm. Iowa State Press, a Blackwell Publishing Includes bibliographical references (p. ). Company, 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa ISBN 0-632-05706-8 50014-8300, USA 1. Veterinary medicine—Diagnosis. I. Cockcroft, Tel:+1 515 292 0140 Peter D. II. Title. Blackwell Science Asia Pty, 54 University SF771 .J23 2002 Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia 636.089¢6075—dc21 Tel:+61 (0)3 9347 0300 2002023213 Blackwell Wissenschafts Verlag, Kurfürstendamm 57, 10707 Berlin, Germany ISBN 0-632-05706-8 Tel:+49 (0)30 32 79 060 Acatalogue record for this title is available The right of the Author to be identified as the from the British Library Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Set in 9/12 Palatino Patents Act 1988. by SNPBest-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in Great Britain by All rights reserved. No part of this publication Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hants may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, For further information on electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Blackwell Science, visit our website: recording or otherwise, except as permitted by www.blackwell-science.com the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Contents Preface, v 11 Clinical Examination of the Male Genital System, 141 Acknowledgements, vi 12 Clinical Examination of the Udder, 154 Part I Introduction, 1 13 Clinical Examination of the Musculoskeletal 1 Principles of Clinical Examination, 3 System, 167 Part II Cattle – Clinical Examination by 14 Clinical Examination of the Nervous Body System and Region, 7 System, 198 2 The General Clinical Examination of Cattle, 9 Part III Sheep, 217 3 Clinical Examination of the Lymphatic 15 Clinical Examination of the Sheep, 219 System, 12 Part IV Pigs, 249 4 Clinical Examination of the Skin, 16 16 Clinical Examination of the Pig, 251 5 Clinical Examination of the Head and Neck, 29 Part V Goats, 279 6 Clinical Examination of the Cardiovascular 17 Clinical Examination of the Goat, 281 System, 51 Bibliography, 300 7 Clinical Examination of the Respiratory System, 65 Appendix 1 Normal Physiological Values, 301 8 Clinical Examination of the Gastrointestinal System, 81 Appendix 2 Laboratory Reference Values: Haematology, 302 9 Clinical Examination of the Urinary System, 113 Appendix 3 Laboratory Reference Values: Biochemistry, 303 10 Clinical Examination of the Female Genital System, 125 Index, 306 iii This book is dedicated to our families Preface More mistakes are made by not looking than by not ination of farm animal species can be performed. knowing. Throughout the book conditions are used to illus- Anon. trate the predisposing risk factors and the clinical abnormalities that may be present. In doing so the Clinical examination is a fundamental part of the authors have tried to provide information that process of veterinary diagnosis. It provides the vet- may assist the reader in formulating differential erinarian with the information required to determine diagnoses. Numerous illustrations are provided to the disease or diseases producing the clinical ab- complement the text. normalities. In addition, the information derived In the first part of the book the principles of clinical from the clinical examination should assist the vet- examination are described. The second and largest erinarian in determining the severity of the patho- part of the book is devoted to the clinical examination physiological processes present. Without a proficient of cattle. Following a chapter on the general exami- clinical examination and an accurate diagnosis it is nation of cattle, each body system or region has a unlikely that the treatment, control, prognosis and chapter in which the applied anatomy is briefly re- welfare of animals will be optimised. viewed and the clinical examination is described in The purpose of this book is to assist clinicians in detail. Within each of these chapters there are check- performing a detailed clinical examination of the lists on how to perform the examination and what individual animal and to increase the awareness of abnormalities may be present. Further parts of the more advanced techniques used in further investiga- book are devoted to the clinical examination of tions. The structure and content of the book should sheep, goats and pigs. Where the examination of the assist veterinary students in their understanding of ovine, caprine or porcine body system is similar to farm animal clinical examination, act as a quick refer- the bovine, the reader is referred back to the appro- ence for clinicians who are called upon to examine priate cattle chapter. an unfamiliar species and provide a more detailed The book is largely based on the experience of the account for experienced clinicians in their continu- authors as practitioners, as consultants in referral ing professional development. clinics and as teachers of clinical veterinary students. In this book the authors have attempted to de- The authors hope that the reader will find this book scribe and illustrate the ways in which clinical exam- both interesting and useful. v Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the graphic artists drawn by Samantha Elmhurst. The authors would for the illustrations in this book. The pictures in also like to acknowledge Antonia Seymour of Chapters 5 and 6 were drawn by Mike Pearson. The Blackwell Publishing for her support and guidance front cover and the other pictures in the book were during the writing of this book. vi Part I Introduction

Description:

This is performed by pushing the body wall sharply .. areas which might cause the animal to kick. Manual appraisal . reveal their purulent contents.