Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer's Disease, Third Edition

410 Pages·2006·3.79 MB·English

by  Serge Gauthier

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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S
DISEASE
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Other Titles by Serge Gauthier
1. Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease. Gauthier S (Ed). Martin Dunitz, London,
1996.
2. Slide Kit and Companion Document to Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Gauthier S. Martin Dunitz, London, 1996.
3. Alzheimer’s Disease in Primary Care. Gauthier S, Burns A, Pettit W. Martin Dunitz, London, 1997.
4. La Enfermedad de Alzheimer en Aencion Primaria. Gauthier S, Burns A, Pettit W, Bernejo F. Martin Dunitz,
London, 1997.
5. La Malattia di Alzheimer:Une Guida per il Medico di Base. Gauthier S, Amaducci L, Burns A, Pettit W.
Martin Dunitz, London, 1997.
6. Alzheimer – Demenz in der Primärversorgung. Gauthier S, Burns A, Pettit W, Kurz A. Martin Dunitz,
London, 1997.
7. La Maladie d’Alzheimer en Médecine Générale. Gauthier S, Burns A, Pettit W. Martin Dunitz, London,
1997.
8. Birinci Basamak Salik Hizmetlerinde Alzheimer Hastaligi. Gauthier S, Burns A, Pettit W. Martin Dunitz,
London, 1997.
9. Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease. Gauthier S (Ed). Martin Dunitz, London, 1998.
10. Alzheimer’s Disease in Primary Care. Gauthier S. Martin Dunitz, London, 1999 (2nd edition).
11. Clinical Diagnosis and Management ofAlzheimer’s Disease. Gauthier S (Ed). Martin Dunitz, London, 1999
(2nd edition).
12. Alzheimer Hastaliginin farmakoterapisi. Gauthier S (Ed). Martin Dunitz, London, Yelkovan Yaymcilik,
Istanbul, 2000.
13. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Annual. Gauthier S, Cummings J (Eds). Martin Dunitz, London,
2000.
14. Clinical Diagnosis and Management ofAlzheimer’s Disease. Gauthier S (Ed). Martin Dunitz, London, 2001
(2nd edition, revised).
15. Management of Dementia. Lovestone S, Gauthier S. Martin Dunitz, London, 2001.
16. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Annual 2001. Gauthier S, Cummings J (Eds). Martin Dunitz,
London, 2001.
17. Aging:culture, health, and social change. Weisstub DN, Thomasma DC, Gauthier S, Tomossy GF (Eds).
International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, Vol 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
2002.
18. Aging: caring for our elders. Weisstub DN, Thomasma DC, Gauthier S, Tomossy GF (Eds). International
Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, Vol 11, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2002.
19. Aging: decisions at the end of life. Weisstub DN, Thomasma DC, Gauthier S, Tomossy GF (Eds).
International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, Vol 12, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
2002.
20. Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Erkinjuntti T, Gauthier S (Eds). Martin Dunitz, London, 2002.
21. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Annual 2002. Gauthier S, Cummings J(Eds). Martin Dunitz,
London, 2002.
22. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Annual 2004. Gauthier S, Scheltens, P, Cummings J (Eds).
Martin Dunitz, London, 2004.
23. Alzheimer Disease. Neuropsychology and Pharmacology. Emilien G, Durlach C, Minaker KL, Winblad B,
Gauthier S, Maloteaux JM. Birkäuser Publishers Ltd, Basel, 2004.
24. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders vol 5. Gauthier S, Scheltens, P, Cummings J(Eds). Taylor &
Francis, London, 2005.
25. Trialdesignsandoutcomesindementiatherapeuticresearch.RockwoodK,GauthierS.Taylor&Francis,2005.
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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S
DISEASE
Third Edition
Edited by
SERGE GAUTHIER MD FRCPC
Professor and Director
Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit
McGill Centre for Studies in Aging
Douglas Hospital
Verdun, QC
Canada
Professeur titulaire et Directeur
Unité de recherche sur la maladie d’Alzheimer
Le Centre McGill d’études sur le vieillissement
Hôpital Douglas
Verdun, QC
Canada
Foreword by
Zaven S Khac˙haturian PhD
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© 2007 Informa UKLimited
First and Second Edition published in the United Kingdom in 1996 and 1999 by Martin Dunitz Ltd
Third Edition published in 2006 by Informa Healthcare, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14
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ISBN-10: 0 415 37299 2
ISBN-13: 978 0 415 37299 2
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Contents
List of contributors................................................................................................................................ viii
Foreword............................................................................................................................................... xii
Preface to the Third Edition................................................................................................................... xiv
I INTRODUCTION TO THE DISEASE PROCESS
1. Definitions and diagnostic criteria
Jeffrey L Cummings...................................................................................................................... 3
2. Pathophysiology: a neurochemical perspective
Stéphanie Bélanger, Vanessa Pearson and Judes Poirier................................................................... 15
3. Pathophysiology: an epidemiological perspective
Lenore J Launer............................................................................................................................ 27
II DIAGNOSIS
4. Typical clinical features
Rémi W Bouchard and Martin NRossor....................................................................................... 39
5. Differentiation from non-Alzheimer dementia
Richard Camicioli......................................................................................................................... 53
6. Neuropsychological assessment
Constant Rainville, Nicole Caza, Sylvie Belleville and Brigitte Gilbert........................................... 67
7. Structural brain imaging
António J Bastos Leite, Frederik Barkhof and Philip Scheltens....................................................... 81
8. Functional brain imaging
Agneta Nordberg.......................................................................................................................... 97
9. Electrophysiological tests
Cornelis J Stam............................................................................................................................ 111
10. Biological markers
Douglas Galasko........................................................................................................................... 125
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vi CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
III NATURAL EVOLUTION
11. Natural decline and prognostic factors
Marie Sarazin, Nikki Horne and Bruno Dubois............................................................................. 137
12. Global assessment measures
Kenneth Rockwood and John C Morris......................................................................................... 149
13. Depressive syndrome in Alzheimer’s disease
Lilian Thorpe................................................................................................................................ 159
14. Cognition
Sven Joubert, Steve Joncas, Emmanuel Barbeau, Yves Joanette and Bernadette Ska........................ 165
15. Functional autonomy
Isabelle Gélinas............................................................................................................................. 177
16. Behaviour
Edmond Teng and Jeffrey L Cummings......................................................................................... 189
IV MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
17. Mild cognitive impairment and very early stage Alzheimer’s disease
Howard Chertkow........................................................................................................................ 205
18. Mild to moderate stages
Michael Woodward and Howard Feldman..................................................................................... 221
19. Care of patients in the severe stage of dementia
Per-Olof Sandman, David Edvardsson and Bengt Winblad............................................................. 233
20. Terminal stage
Ladislav Volicer............................................................................................................................ 247
21. Co-existent medical problems and concomitant diseases
Roy Jones..................................................................................................................................... 257
22. Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms
Nathan Herrmann........................................................................................................................ 265
V COMMUNITY AND INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT
23. Caregiver support: support of families
Henry Brodaty and Karen Berman ............................................................................................... 279
24. Community-based formal support services
Lilly Katofsky .............................................................................................................................. 299
VI ETHICAL AND QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES
25. Ethical issues
Jason Karlawish............................................................................................................................ 315
26. Competency
Daniel C Marson and Laura E Dreer............................................................................................. 325
27. Genetic counselling
Simon Lovestone and A Dessa Sadovnick...................................................................................... 341
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CONTENTS vii
28. Health-related quality of life measurement techniques in the management of dementia
Sam Salek and Mel Walker............................................................................................................ 351
VII CONCLUSION
29. Future diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease
Serge Gauthier, Leon L Thal and Martin N Rossor........................................................................ 379
Index..................................................................................................................................................... 383
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Contributors
Emmanuel Barbeau MD Université Laval
Service de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie Centre Hospitalier AffiliéUniversitaire de Québec
AP-HM Timone Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jesus
Marseille Québec City, QC
France Canada
Frederik Barkhof MDPhD Henry Brodaty MDBSFRACPFRANZCP
Department of Radiology and Image Analysis Center Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry
VU University Medical Center School of Psychiatry
Amsterdam University of New South Wales
The Netherlands Randwick, NSW
Australia
Stéphanie Bélanger MD
McGill Centre for Studies in Aging Nicole Caza PhD
Douglas Hospital Research Center and Department Centre de Recherche
of Psychiatry Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
Montréal, QC Montréal, QC
Canada Canada
Sylvie Belleville PhD Richard Camicioli MDFRCPC
Centre de Recherche Associate Professor
Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Department of Medicine (Neurology)
Montréal, QC University of Alberta
Canada Edmonton, AB
Canada
Karen BermanMBBCh
Academic Department for Old Age Pyschiatry Howard Chertkow MD
Prince of Wales Hospital Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging
Randwick, NSW Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
Australia Sir Mortimer B Davis-Jewish General Hospital
McGill University
Rémi W Bouchard MDMSc FRCP Montreal, QC
Professeur Agrégé de Clinique (Neurologie) Canada
Directeur de la clinique de mémoire
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix
Jeffrey L Cummings MD Isabelle GélinasPhD
Augustus Rose Professor of Neurology Associate Professor
UCLAAlzheimer’s Disease Center School of Physical and Occupational Therapy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA McGill University
Los Angeles, CA Montreal, QC
USA Canada
Laura E Dreer PhD Brigitte Gilbert PhD
Department of Physical Medicine and Service de Neuropsychologie
Rehabilitation Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
University of Alabama at Birmingham Montréal, QC
Birmingham, AL Canada
USA
Nathan Herrmann MDFRCPC
Bruno Dubois MD Professor of Psychiatry
INSERM E 007 and Centre de Neuropsychologie University of Toronto
Fédération de Neurologie and
Hôpital de la Salpêtrière Head, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry
Paris Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health
France Sciences Centre
Toronto, ON
David Edvardsson RNPhD Canada
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Nursing
Umeå University Nikki Horne MD
Sweden INSERM E 007 and Fédération de Neurologie
Hôpital de la Salpêtrière
Howard Feldman MD Paris
Professor and Head France
Division of Neurology Clinic for Alzheimer’s
Disease and Related Disorders Yves Joanette PhD
University of British Columbia Director
Vancouver Coastal Health Line Centre de Recherche
Vancouver, BC Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
Canada Montréal, QC
Canada
Douglas Galasko MD
Department of Neurosciences Steve Joncas PhD
University of California, San Diego Service de Neuropsychologie
and Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
Neurology Service, VAMedical Center, San Diego Montréal, QC
San Diego, CA Canada
USA
Roy Jones MBBSc(Hons)FRCPFFPMDipPharmMed
Serge Gauthier MDFRCPC Director, The Research Institute for the
Professor and Director Care of the Elderly (RICE)
Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit St Martin’s Hospital
McGill Centre for Studies in Aging Bath
Douglas Hospital Professor of Clinical Gerontology
Verdun, QC School for Health
Canada University of Bath
Bath
UK