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CHURCHILL’S POCKETBOOKS Clinical Dentistry Commissioning Editor:Michael Parkinson Development Editor:Janice Urquhart Project Manager:Emma Riley Design Direction:Erik Bigland Illustrations Manager:Merlyn Harvey Illustrator:Robert Britton CHURCHILL’S POCKETBOOKS Clinical Dentistry EDITED BY Ivor G. Chestnutt BDS MPH PHD FDS (DPH) RCS (Edin) DDPHRCS (Eng) FDS RCS(Eng) FDS RCPS(Glasg) MFPH Professor and Honorary Consultant in Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK John Gibson PHD BDS MB CHB FDS (OM) RCPS (Glasg) FFDRCS (Irel) FDSRCS (Edin) Consultant and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer in Oral Medicine, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, Dundee, UK THIRD EDITION EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PHILADELPHIA ST LOUIS SYDNEY TORONTO 2007 CONTENTS 1. Psychological aspects 12. Removable of dental care 1 prosthodontics 299 I. G. Chestnutt A. J. Paterson 2. History and 13. Orthodontics 341 examination 11 I. B. Buchanan I. G. Chestnutt 14. Oral and 3. Law, ethics and maxillofacial quality dental surgery 381 care 19 J. McManners J. A. D. Cameron 15. Oral medicine 439 4. Dental D. H. Felix radiology 33 16. General medicine of P. P. Nixon relevance to 5. Drug prescribing and dentistry 489 therapeutics 59 J. Gibson D. Stenhouse 17. Emergencies in 6. Analgesia, sedation dentistry 521 and general J. Gibson anaesthesia 91 Appendix A: Further D. Stenhouse, J. Leitch reading 534 7. Dental Appendix B: Useful materials 115 websites 537 J. Rees, A. J. Paterson Appendix C: Average 8. Preventive and dates of mineralization community dental and eruption 540 practice 149 I. G. Chestnutt Appendix D: Tooth notation 542 9. Paediatric dentistry 167 Appendix E: Infection B. L. Chadwick control 542 10. Periodontology 197 Appendix F: Normal I. G. Chestnutt laboratory values of relevance to 11. Operative medicine 544 dentistry 231 J Rees, A. J. Paterson Index 547 This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Nothing cheers an author more than to see his or her own textbook being used by the target audience! So it has been delightful to see more and more undergraduate dental students,vocational dental practitioners,general professional trainees,dental surgeons in primary care and in the hospital service,as well as dental care professionals in-training and post-qualification using this readily accessible little book. The staffat Elsevier have been delighted at the success ofthe Second Edition at home and overseas,making the Pocketbook their best selling dental book! It was inevitable,therefore,that a Third Edition would be requested.We thank Michael Parkinson and Janice Urquhart for their support and advice throughout this project. For this Third Edition we have,once again,expanded the size and quality ofauthorship.We welcome to the team Professor Jeremy Rees and Mr.John Cameron,both bringing additional expertise in the areas ofrestorative dentistry and dento-legal practice respectively. In updating this edition,each author has addressed significant change within his or her areas ofexpertise and we are grateful to them for their enthusiasm and great industry.As with the Second Edition,we believe that this new edition has been invigorated and enhanced.Our aims and objectives remain the same – to educate and inspire each member ofthe dental team,whether in-training or post-qualification. 2006 Happy reading! I.G.C.Cardiff J.G.Edinburgh PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION The primary objective ofthis pocketbook is to provide a readily accessible source ofinformation when it is most needed,as an aide- memoire prior to carrying out clinical tasks or to enable students (at undergraduate and postgraduate level) to apprise themselves of important details prior to tutorials and seminars. The authors ofthis text are experienced clinicians and teachers within their individual specialties and emphasis has been given to information ofpractical clinical significance.Descriptions ofrarely encountered conditions and situations have been kept deliberately to a minimum. In a publication ofthis nature,information must be presented in a concise and at times didactic fashion.For those who read this text and feel it could only result in superficial learning,we have deliberately included sufficient basic information to permit examinations to be passed.However,the desire ofan educationalist is always to promote deep learning and the layout and content of the text are intended to motivate and guide the reader to the appropriate parts ofmore substantive texts,many ofwhich have proven both inspirational and motivational for the editors and contributors ofthis book throughout their careers. Glasgow 1998 I.G.C. J.G.