Clinical Companion for Fundamentals of Nursing Just the Facts EIGHTH EDITION Veronica “Ronnie” Peterson, BA, RN, BSN, MS Manager of Clinical Support, University of Wisconsin Medical Foundation Table of Contents Cover image Title page Copyright Preface Chapter 1: Health Care Terminology Abbreviations* Prefixes Suffixes Symbols Medical Specialists Medical Organizations Nursing Specialties Nursing Organizations Body Regions Body Cavities Directions And Planes Chapter 2: Medications: Calculations and Administration Equivalent Measures Calculations Common Drug Terminology Drug Safety Drug Interactions Infiltration And Phlebitis Scales Therapeutic Drugs That Require Serum Drug Levels Followed By Average Ranges*† Drug Administration Chapter 3: Infection Control Basic Terminology Stages Of Infection The Inflammatory Process Summary Of Isolation Precautions Types Of Isolation Precautions CDC Guidelines For Hand Hygiene In Health Care Settings (2002) Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens Prevention Of Resistant Pathogens MRSA And VRE Common Bacteria Tuberculosis Overview Of Common Infectious Diseases Facts About Influenza Types Of Immunity Antibody Functions Chapter 4: Basic Nursing Assessments The Patient Interview Functional Assessment Interviewing Strategies Cultural Assessment Spiritual Assessment Physical Assessment Assessment Techniques Temperature Thermal Disorders When To Measure Vital Signs Pulse Pulse Points Respiration Blood Pressure Chapter 5: Documentation The Nursing Process Effective Documentation Documentation Of Goals And Outcomes Nursing Diagnoses By Functional Area Developing A Patient’s Plan Of Care Individualizing Care Plans Critical Pathways Charting Change-Of-Shift Report Chapter 6: Integumentary System Abnormalities Of The Nail Bed Pressure Points Pressure Ulcer Stages Chapter 7: Skeletal System Skeleton—Anterior View Skeleton—Posterior View Bones Of The Skull—Frontal View Bones Of The Skull—Lateral View Types Of Fractures Types Of Traction Types Of Synovial Joints Chapter 8: Muscular System Anterior Superficial Muscles Posterior Superficial Muscles Lateral Facial Muscles Effects Of Immobility Range Of Motion Use Of Heat* Use Of Cold† Massage Positioning Chapter 9: Nervous System Structures Of The Brain Levels Of Consciousness Neurologic Function Warning Signs Of Impending Stroke Seizure Terminology Care Of The Patient With Seizures A Patient’s Sleep History Sleep Disorders Sedation Scale Central Nervous System Pain Assessment Pain Rating Scales Nonpharmacologic Treatments Of Pain Chronic Nonmalignant Pain: Nursing Care Guidelines* The Eye Pupil Size Six Directions Of Gaze Braille Alphabet The Ear Sign Language Alphabet Sign Language Numbers Tips For Communicating With Older Adults Chapter 10: Circulatory System Principal Arteries Of The Body Structures Of The Heart Coronary Arteries Basic Cardiac Assessments Cardiac History Topographic Areas For Cardiac Auscultation Abnormal Heart Sounds Murmur Grading Scale Assessment Of Pulse Sites* Edema Grading Scale Pulse Grading Scale Chapter 11: Respiratory System Structures Of The Respiratory Tract Chest Wall Landmarks Systematic Pattern For Palpation And Auscultation Normal Breath Sounds Signs And Symptoms Of Hyperventilation Signs And Symptoms Of Hypoventilation Signs And Symptoms Of Hypoxia Abnormal And Adventitious Sounds Common Lung Disorders Oxygen Therapy Chapter 12: Endocrine System Endocrine Glands And Associated Structures Diabetes Insulin Adrenal Glands Pituitary Gland* Thyroid Gland Chapter 13: Digestive System Digestive System And Associated Structures Two Types Of Malnutrition* Altered Bowel Elimination Patterns Foods And Their Effect On Fecal Output Types Of Cathartics Antidiarrheal Medications Types Of Enemas Common Types Of Ostomies* Chapter 14: Urinary System Organs Of The Urinary System Medications That May Discolor Urine Reasons For Urinary Catheters Preventing Urinary Catheter Infections Timed Urine Tests Chapter 15: Reproductive System Assessing Sexual History Medications That Affect Sexual Performance* Chapter 16: Tests and Procedures Arterial Blood Gases Electrolyte Imbalances Fluid Volume Imbalances Diagnostic Tests Chapter 17: Surgical Nursing Care Nursing Care Before Surgery Nursing Care After Surgery Care Of Body Systems After Surgery Common Surgical Procedures* Red Blood Cell Transfusions Blood Transfusion Alternatives Chapter 18: Patient Safety Admission Safety Ongoing Safety Special Patient Situations The Confused Patient Common Psychiatric Disorders Common Psychiatric Tests Treatment Methods Emergencies Chapter 19: Care of the Dying Stages Of Dying And Grief Interacting With The Dying Patient And The Family Nursing Interventions With Impending Death Religious Death Rituals Religious Prayers Legal Considerations Care Of The Body Immediately After Death Multiorgan Procurement