Clinical Child Psychiatry, Second Edition

561 Pages·2005·4.313 MB·English

Clinical Child
Psychiatry,
Second Edition
Clinical Child Psychiatry, Second Edition. Edited by W.M. Klykylo and J.L. Kay
© 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ISBN: 0-470-0220-94
Clinical Child
Psychiatry,
Second Edition
Editors
William M. Klykylo and Jerald L. Kay
Wright State University School of Medicine,Dayton,Ohio,USA
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd,The Atrium,Southern OtherWileyEditorialOffices
Gate,Chichester,
West Sussex PO19 8SQ,England John Wiley & Sons Inc.,111 River Street,Hoboken,NJ 07030,USA
Telephone [phone] Jossey-Bass,989 Market Street,San Francisco,CA 94103-1741,
USA
Email (for orders and customer service enquiries):
[email protected] Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469 Weinheim,
Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com Germany
All Rights Reserved.No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd,33 Park Road,Milton,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, Queensland 4064,Australia
electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning or other-
wise,except under the terms of the Copyright,Designs and Patents John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd,2 Clementi Loop #02-01,Jin
Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Xing Distripark,Singapore 129809
Licensing Agency Ltd,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP,
UK,without the permission in writing ofthe Publisher.Requests to John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd,22 Worcester Road,Etobicoke,
the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, Ontario,Canada M9W 1L1
John Wiley & Sons Ltd,The Atrium,Southern Gate,Chichester,West
Sussex PO19 8SQ,England,or emailed to [email protected],or Wiley also publishes its books in a variety ofelectronic formats.
faxed to ([phone]. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic
books.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often
claimed as trademarks.All brand names and product names used in BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
this book are trade names,service marks,trademarks or registered
trademarks oftheir respective owners.The Publisher is not associated A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Library
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative ISBN-13 978-0-470-02209-2
information in regard to the subject matter covered.It is sold on the ISBN-10 0-470-02209-4
understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering profes-
sional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is Typeset in 9/11pt Times by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd.,Hong
required,the services ofa competent professional should be sought. Kong
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,
Chippenham,Wiltshire
This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured
from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for
each one used for paper production.
Cover images provided by
DEDICATION
To our teachers,our students,our patients,and our families.
Contents
Dedication v Chapter 11 Disruptive Behaviour Disorders 191
Preface ix Niranjan S.Karnik and Hans Steiner
List of Contributors xi
Chapter 12 Child and Adolescent Affective
Disorders and their Treatment 203
Section I The Fundamentals of Child and
Rick T.Bowers
Adolescent Psychiatric Practice 1
Chapter 13 Anxiety Disorders in Childhood
Chapter 1 The Initial Psychiatric Evaluation 3
and Adolescence 235
William M.Klykylo
Craig L.Donnelly and
Chapter 2 Psychological Assessment of Debra V.McQuade
Children 21
Chapter 14 Substance Use in Adolescents 263
Antoinette S.Cordell
Jacqueline Countryman
Chapter 3 Neurobiological Assessment 49
Chapter 15 Childhood Trauma 275
George Realmuto
Sidney Edsall,Niranjan Karnik
Chapter 4 Educational Assessment and and Hans Steiner
School Consultation 65
Dorothyann Feldis
Section III Developmental Disorders 295
Chapter 5 Psychiatric Assessment of Medically
Chapter 16 Attachment and its Disorders 297
Ill Children,Including Children
Jerald L.Kay
with HIV 75
David M.Rube and G.Oana Costea Chapter 17 The Eating Disorders 311
Randy A.Sansone and
Chapter 6 How to Plan and Tailor Treatment:
Lori A.Sansone
An Overview of Diagnosis and
Treatment Planning 91 Chapter 18 Elimination Disorders:Enuresis
Brian J.McConville and and Encopresis 327
Sergio V.Delgado Daniel J.Feeney
Chapter 7 Assessment of Infants and Chapter 19 Sexual Development and the
Toddlers 109 Treatment of Sexual Disorders
Martin J.Drell in Children and Adolescents 343
James Lock and Jennifer Couturier
Chapter 8 Play Therapy 119
Susan Mumford Chapter 20 Learning and Communications
Disorders 361
Chapter 9 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 129
Pamela A.Gulley
Christina C.Clark
Chapter 21 The Autistic Spectrum Disorders 371
Section II Common Child and Adolescent Tom Owley,Bennett L.Leventhal
Psychiatric Disorders 151 and Edwin H.Cook,Jr.
Chapter 10 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Chapter 22 Mental Retardation 391
Disorder 153 Bryan H.King,Matthew W.State
David M.Rube and Dorothy P.Reddy and Arthur Maerlender
viii CONTENTS
Chapter 23 Tic and Tourette’s Disorder 415 Chapter 27 Sleep Disorders 487
Barbara J.Coffey and Martin B.Scharf and
Rachel Shechter Cyvia A.Scharf
Chapter 28 Loss:Divorce,Separation,
SectionIV SpecialProblemsinChildand
and Bereavement 507
AdolescentPsychiatry 431
Jamie Snyder
Chapter 24 Psychotic Disorders 433
Chapter 29 Foster Care and Adoption 521
Michael T.Sorter
Jill D.McCarley and
Chapter 25 Neuropsychological Assessment Christina G.Weston
and the Neurologically Impaired
Chapter 30 Child Psychiatry and the Law 531
Child 447
Douglas Mossman
Scott D.Grewe and
Keith Owen Yeates
Index 553
Chapter 26 The Somatoform Disorders 471
David Ray DeMaso and
Pamela J.Beasley
Preface To Clinical Child Psychiatry,
Second Edition
In the preface to the first edition ofthis work,we stated who in the United States now provide the preponder-
that the changes in child psychiatry occurring then ance of child psychiatric services,will find this volume
would have been barely imaginable 15 years earlier. useful. We also wish it to be informative to profes-
Paripassu,we could not have predicted then how much sionals outside of medicine as an overview of what
the whole world would change thereafter.Yet a world child psychiatry can – and should – do today. As
in crisis has only intensified the demands placed upon always, but in these times especially, we must work
child and adolescent psychiatry.We have ever-growing together as best we can.
demands for service to our patients, whose stressors Whatever its merits, Clinical Child Psychiatry,
and pathology become more severe and pervasive.We Second Edition,is the product of the many individu-
are fortunate that our understanding of disease and als’efforts.We have been well served by our publisher
our armamentarium of treatments also continue to John Wiley and Sons,Ltd,and especially by our con-
increase.Regrettably,the resources allocated for those sultants Charlotte Brabants, Deborah Russell and
treatments have not always grown apace; and so we Andrea Baier. They bring to their work an enviable
must continue to do more with less and do so ever combination of knowledge, experience, patience, and
more quickly and efficiently. good humor that has encouraged and sustained us.We
The welcome growth of knowledge in our field has could not have assembled this book without the
effected changes in clinical practice and created a need support of our staff at Wright State University,most
for an update of this book. Like its predecessor, notably Edward Depp. David Rube, who served as
ClinicalChildPsychiatry,Second Edition,is presented co-editor ofthe first edition,was able to assist us as an
neither as a comprehensive textbook covering the editorial consultant as well as the contributor of two
entire field,nor as a briefintroduction.It still attempts chapters. Our contributors are the ultimate source of
to serve as a focused study of major problems, chal- this volume’s content and value, and we are in their
lenges, and practices commonly encountered in clini- debt.Finally,our families continue to support us with
cal work. It remains directed toward experienced their affection and patience.
clinicians encountering new areas of practice, as well
as to students and residents entering the field.We espe- William M.Klykylo
cially hope that pediatricians and family physicians, Jerald L.Kay
Contributors
Pamela J. Beasley, Harvard Medical School and Craig L. Donnelly, Section of Pediatric Psychophar-
Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of macology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center,
Boston,Hunnewell 121,300 Longwood Ave,USA One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-
0001,USA
Rick T. Bowers, 1331 Talon Ridge Court, Kettering,
OH 45440,USA Martin J. Drell, LSU Medical School, 1542 Tulane
Ave, Room A 328, New Orleans, LA 70112-2822,
Christina C.Clark, University Psychological Services USA
Association,Inc.,1020 Woodman Drive,Suite 225,
Dayton,OH,USA Sidney Edsall, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford
University,401 Quarry Road,Palo Alto,CA 94305
Barbara J.Coffey, Child Study Center,New York Uni-
versity School of Medicine,577 First Avenue,New Daniel J. Feeney, Pediatric Psychiatry Services,
York,NY 10016,USA Willford Hall Medical Center (WHMC), 59th
Medical Wing, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Lackland
Edwin H. Cook, Jr, University of Chicago, Depart- AFB,TX 78236,USA
ment ofPsychiatry,MC 3077,5841 South Maryland
Avenue,Chicago,IL 60637,USA Dorothyann Feldis, College of Education, 341
Teacher’s College, University of Cincinnati,
Antoinette S. Cordell, 5045 N. Main Street, Dayton, Cincinnati,OH 45221-0002,USA
OH 45415,USA
Pamela A. Gulley, Greene Country Educational
G.Oana Costea,Queen’s Children’s Psychiatric Center, Service Center,360 E.Enon Road,Yellow Springs,
74-03 Commonwealth Blvd, Bellrose, NY 11426, OH 45387-1499,USA
USA
Scott D. Grewe, Tri-Cities Neuropsychology Clinic,
Jacqueline Countryman, 74th MDOS/SGOHC, 4881 303 Bradley Blvd.,Suite 100,Richland,WA 99352-
Sugar Maple Drive, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 4497,USA
45435,USA
Jerald L.Kay, Department ofPsychiatry,Wright State
Jennifer Couturier, University of Western Ontario, University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 927,
London Health Centre, 800 Commissioners Road Dayton,OH 45401-0927
East,Room E1-605,London,Ontario,Canada
Niranjan S. Karnik, Department of Psychiatry and
Sergio Delgado, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical
3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, Center,401 Quarry Road,Palo Alto,CA 94305,USA
USA
Bryan H. King, Professor of Psychiatry and Behav-
David Ray DeMaso, Harvard Medical School and ioral Sciences, University of Washington and Chil-
Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of dren’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center,
Boston,Hunnewell 121,300 Longwood Ave,USA Seattle,WA
xii CONTRIBUTORS
William M. Klykylo, Department of Psychiatry, Dorothy Reddy, Queen’s Children’s Psychiatric
Wright State University School of Medicine,627 S. Center, 74-03 Commonwealth Blvd, Bellrose, NY
Edwin C Moses Blvd, P.O. Box 927, Dayton, OH 11426,USA
45401-0927,USA
Lori A. Sansone, Premier Health Net, 6611 Clyo
Bennett L.Leventhal, University of Chicago,Depart- Road,Suite D,Centerville,OH 45459,USA
ment of Psychiatry,BH 440,5841 South Maryland
Avenue,Chicago,IL 60637,USA Randy A. Sansone, Sycamore Primary Care Center,
2115 Leiter Road, Suite 300, Miamisburg, OH
James Lock, Department of Psychiatry and Behav- 45342-3659,USA
ioral Sciences,Stanford University School of Medi-
cine,401 Quarry Road,Palo Alto,CA 94305-5719, Cyvia A. Scharf, Center for Research in Sleep Disor-
USA ders, 1275 East Kemper Road, Cincinnati, OH
45237,USA
Arthur Maerlender, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical
Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH Martin B.Scharf, Center for Research in Sleep Disor-
03757,USA ders, 1275 East Kemper Road, Cincinnati, OH
45237,USA
Jill D. McCarley, Department of Psychiatry, Wright
State University School of Medicine, 627 S. Edwin Rachel Shechter, Child Study Center,New York Uni-
C Moses Blvd, P.O. Box 927, Dayton, OH 45401- versity School of Medicine,577 First Avenue,New
0927,USA York,NY 10016,USA
Brian J.McConville, Department of Psychiatry,Uni- Jamie Snyder,3500 S.91st Street,Lincoln,NE 69520-
versity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, MSB 1429,USA
7258,ML 0559,Cincinnati,OH 45267-0559,USA
Michael T. Sorter, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Deborah V. McQuade, Section of Child and Adoles- Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati,
cent Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical OH 45229,USA
Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
03756,USA Matthew W.State,Department of Psychiatry,Wright
State University School of Medicine, 627 S. Edwin
Douglas Mossman, Division of Forensic Psychiatry, C Moses Blvd, P.O. Box 927, Dayton, OH 45401-
Wright State University School of Medicine, East 0927,USA
Medical Plaza,First Floor,627 S.Edwin C.Moses
Blvd.,Dayton,OH 45401-1461,USA Hans Steiner, Division of Child Psychiatry and Child
Development,Stanford University School of Medi-
Susan Mumford, Department of Psychiatry, Wright cine,401 Quarry Road,Palo Alto,CA 94305-5719,
State University School of Medicine, 627 S. Edwin USA
C Moses Blvd, P.O. Box 927, Dayton, OH 45401-
0927,USA Christina G. Weston, Department of Psychiatry,
Wright State University, School of Medicine, PO
Tom Owley, University of Chicago, Department of Box 927,Dayton,OH 45401-0927,USA
Psychiatry,5841 South Maryland Avenue,Chicago,
IL 60637,USA Keith Owen Yeates, Department of Psychology,
Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Colum-
George Realmuto, Department ofPsychiatry,Univer- bus,OH 43205,USA
sity ofMinnesota,F256/2B West,Riverside Avenue,
Minneapolis,MN 55454-1495,USA
David M. Rube, Queen’s Children’s Psychiatric
Center, 74-03 Commonwealth Blvd, Bellrose, NY
11426,USA
Section I
The Fundamentals of
Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Practice