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Clinical Case Studies on Medication Safety Clinical Case Studies on Medication Safety Edited by Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Universityof Science andTechnologyofFujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana’a, Yemen AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluating andusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuch informationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,including partiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideas containedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-323-98802-5 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:StacyMasucci AcquisitionsEditor:AndreG.Wolff EditorialProjectManager:SusanE.Ikeda ProductionProjectManager:SwapnaSrinivasan CoverDesigner:MilesHitchen TypesetbySTRAIVE,India Dedication To My mothers Anisah Ali Othman Shoieb (Late) Rada Ali Othman Shoieb Contributors GhulamAbbas DepartmentofPharmaceutics,FacultyofPharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University,Faisalabad, Pakistan Faisal Mohammad Ali Abdalla School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada Fahad Ezzi Obaid Abrah School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), George Town, Malaysia Tawseef Ahmad Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan Issa Saad Al-Moraya Clinical Toxicology Department, College of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca; Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Center, Aseer, Saudi Arabia Mayudh Saleh Mohsen Alnefaie Diabetes Center, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia Hussien Abdullah M. Alqahtani Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Center, Aseer, Saudi Arabia Sami Alshakhshir College of Pharmacy, Aqba University of Technology, Aqba, Jordan AbdulkareemMohammedAl-ShamiKulliyyahofPharmacy,InternationalIslamic UniversityMalaysia,Kuantan,Pahang;FacultyofPharmacy,PICOMSInternational University College, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia AliSalmanAl-ShamiKarnatakaCollegeofPharmacy,Bangalore,Karnataka,India Qusai Al-Share Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University ofScience and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medical Sciences, Azal Universityfor Human Development, Sana’a, Yemen xiv Contributors Abdullah Ahmed Dhabali Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana’a University; School of Clinical Pharmacy, LebaneseInternational University, Sana’a, Yemen YuFangDepartmentofPharmacyAdministrationandClinicalPharmacy,Schoolof Pharmacy; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research; Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an, China Nafis Haider Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia MuhammadHanifDepartmentofPharmaceutics,FacultyofPharmacy,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan KainatIlyasDepartmentofPharmacyPractice,FacultyofPharmaceuticalSciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Asad Khan Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University ofBalochistan, Quetta,Pakistan Faiz Ullah Khan Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research; Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor,Xi’an,China HafeezUllahKhanDepartmentofPharmaceutics,CollegeofPharmacy,University of Sargodha,Sargodha, Pakistan Yusra Habib Khan Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka,SaudiArabia Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University,Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Albaraa M. Marran Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital,Jizan,Saudi Arabia Contributors xv FaizanMazharDepartmentofMedicalEpidemiologyandBiostatistics,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Long Chiau Ming PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam GouriNairDepartmentofPharmacology,FacultyofPharmacy,RamaiahUniversity of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Mohamed Rashrash Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School ofPharmacy, Universityof Charleston,Charleston, WV, United States Akhtar Rasul Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University,Faisalabad, Pakistan Malik Saadullah Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University,Faisalabad, Pakistan SuhilaSawesiHealthInformatics andBioinformatics GraduateProgram,School of Computing, Grand Valley State University,Grand Rapids,MI, United States Shelley Schliesser Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University ofCharleston, Charleston, WV,United States Muhammad Abid Shah Aga Khan UniversityHospital, Karachi,Pakistan ShahidShahDepartmentofPharmacyPractice,FacultyofPharmaceuticalSciences, Government College University,Faisalabad, Pakistan Aina M. Shaju Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramaiah University ofAppliedSciences, Bengaluru,Karnataka, India AymenShatnawiDepartmentofDrugDiscoveryandBiomedicalSciences,College of Pharmacy, Medical Universityof South Carolina, Charleston,SC, United States Abubakar Siddique Uniazah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia ViswamSubeeshDepartmentofPharmacyPractice,FacultyofPharmacy,Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College ofPharmaceuticalSciences, Udupi,Karnataka, India SyedAzharSyedSulaimanAdvancedMedicalandDentalInstitute,UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM), George Town, Penang,Malaysia xvi Contributors BeulahElsa Thomas Sparsh Hospital, Bengaluru,Karnataka, India Wasim Ullah Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and AlliedHealth Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-MillatUniversity,Islamabad, Pakistan Farman Ullah Khan Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research; Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an, China