Clinical Biochemistry. Contemporary Theories and Techniques

277 Pages·1984·6.186 MB·English

by  Herbert Spiegel (Eds.)

Contributors
• M. Bowen • Patrick C. Kung
• Tse-Wen Chang • Allen L. Pusch
• E. H. Cooper • Randhir S. Sandhu
• Steven J. Fischman • Edward V. Savard
• Michael L. Franklin • Vincent R. Zurawski, Jr.
Clinical Biochemistry
Contemporary Theories
and Techniques
VOLUME 3
Edited by
HERBERT E. SPIEGEL
Department of Clinical Laboratory Research
Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.
Nutley, New Jersey
1984
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers)
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COPYRIGHT © 1984, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
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ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Orlando, Florida 32887
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Clinical biochemistry·
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Chemistry, Clinical. 2. Biological chemistry.
I. Spiegel, Herbert E. [DNLM: 1. Chemistry, Clinical.
QY 90 C6406]
RB40.C56 616.07f56 81-14933
ISBN 0-12-657103-1 (v.3)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
84 85 86 87 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This volume is dedicated to Dr. John J. Burns. His scientific attainments,
perception, and skills have commanded my professional and personal admiration
for many years.
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
M. Bowen* (1), Unit for Cancer Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL,
England
Tse-Wen Chang (89), CENTOCOR, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19335
E. H. Cooper (1), Unit for Cancer Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2
9NL, England
Steven J. Fischman (215), Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, New Jersey 07042
Michael L. Franklin (153), Advanced Technology Department, Hoffmann-La
Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110
Patrick C. Kung (89), CENTOCOR, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19335
Allen L. Pusch (117), Department of Pathology, Christ Hospital, Oak Lawn,
Illinois 60453
Randhir S. Sandhu* (215), Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, New Jersey
07042 and Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical
School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
Edward V. Savard (55), Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110
Vincent R. Zurawski, Jr. (89), CENTOCOR, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
^Present address: Bioscience I Department, Imperial Chemical Industries, Mallesfield, Cheshire
SklO 4T9, England.
^Present address: Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, New Jersey 07042.
XI
Preface
The intent of this volume is to broaden the scope of those laboratorians
working in clinical biochemistry. Relevant aspects of serology, microbiology,
monoclonal antibody techniques, and instrumentation have been included along
with a discussion of hemoglobinopathies and a rather encompassing considera­
tion of tumor markers.
As has been the practice in the previous two volumes of this treatise, en­
couragement was given for speculation, individual writing style, and presenta­
tion of concept rather than detail. All of the chapters were provided by experts in
their field anxious to share their talents.
The editor wishes to express his thanks for the kind reception given to the
previous volumes. This third volume will complete the present treatise. How­
ever, the editorial philosophies which characterize Clinical Biochemistry: Con
temporary Theories and Techniques will be applied to a new endeavor. As the
recently appointed editor-in-chief of Advances in Clinical Chemistry, I and a
distinguished board of international editors will attempt to survey the leading
edge of this burgeoning science.
Herbert E. Spiegel
XIII
Acknowledgments
I would like to acknowledge the contributions and professionalism of all those
who participated in assembling this volume. My secretary, Mrs. Joan Marks,
again has proven to be a valuable and valiant assistant. Finally, to the members
of my family, especially my wife Joanne, I express my special thanks for the
gifts of patience and concern.
xv
Contents of Previous Volumes
Volume 1
1. Laboratory Management for Clinical Chemists
Thomas C. Robinson and Max E. Chilcote
2. Laboratory Safety and Environmental Monitoring
Wesley R. Van Pelt
3. Criteria for Kit Selection in Clinical Chemistry
James E. Logan
4. Mathematics in Clinical Chemistry
Wendell T. Caraway
5. Blood Gases, pH, and Acid-Base Balance
Norman Lasker
6. Autoimmune Disease
Gloria A. Marcantuono
7. Specific Proteins in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Urine, and Other Biological Fluids
Lawrence M. Killingsworth and Carol E. Killingsworth
Volume 2
1. Biochemistry and Clinical Significance of Lipoprotein X
Sheshadri Narayanan
2. Radioimmunoassay
Walter E. Hordynsky
3. Thyroid Function
Leonard K. Dunikoski, Jr.
4. Coagulation Chemistry
Louis A. Kazal
XVII
xviii Contents of Previous Volumes
5. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Masood Haider
6. Biochemistry of Aging
Johan Bjorksten
7. Quantitation and Interpretation of Serum Drug Concentrations
C. E. Pippenger
I
Biochemical Monitoring
of Cancer
E. H. COOPER AND M. BOWEN
I. Introduction 1
II. Tumor-Derived Products 3
A. Oncofetal Antigens 3
B. Hormones 17
C. Milk Proteins 20
D. Pseudouridine and Other Modified Nucleosides 22
E. Polyamines 23
F. Pregnancy Proteins and Placental Proteins 24
III. Tumor-Associated Changes 29
A. Enzymes 29
B. Acute Phase-Reactant Proteins 38
C. 02-Microglobulin 40
D. Ferritin 42
References 43
I. INTRODUCTION
Research on the general topic of tumor markers has greatly expanded
during the past two decades. Several monographs tracing the history and
reviewing the present status of this research have been published during
the past few years. They provide a guide to the background of this topic;
among them are the books edited by Herberman (1979; Herberman and
Mclntire, 1979), Sell (1980), Sell and Wahren (1982), Chu (1982), and
Colnaghi et al. (1982). To this list should be added the excellent overview
of the contributions of routine clinical biochemistry of cancer patients
built up since 1945 by Bodansky (1975).
Despite the plethora of publications, few of the putative tests for cancer
diagnosis or monitoring have been adopted as routine procedures in the
1
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Copyright © 1984 by Academic Press, Inc.
Contemporary Theories and Techniques, Vol. 3 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
ISBN 0-12-657103-1