Cover image Page: cover Title page Page: i Table of Contents Page: xiii Copyright Page: ii Dedication Page: iii Foreword Page: iv Preface Page: vii Acknowledgments Page: x Reviewers Page: xi Section I. Overview Page: 1 Introduction Page: 1 Chapter 1. The Evolution of Aromatherapy Page: 2 Ancient History Page: 2 Fourteenth Century to Present Day Page: 7 Renaissance of Aromatherapy Page: 9 Aromatherapy Today Page: 11 Types of Aromatherapy Page: 12 Chapter 2. How Essential Oils Work Page: 15 How Essential Oils Work Page: 15 Applications Page: 25 How Essential Oils are Excreted Page: 30 Chapter 3. Basic Plant Taxonomy, Basic Essential Oil Chemistry, Extraction, Biosynthesis, and Analysis Page: 37 Basic Plant Taxonomy Page: 38 Basic Essential Oil Chemistry Page: 43 Extraction, Biosynthesis, and Analysis Page: 60 Chapter 4. Essential Oil Toxicity and Contraindications Page: 73 Part 1: Essential Oil Toxicity and Toxicology Page: 74 Dermal Toxicity Page: 76 Oral Toxicity Page: 78 Measuring Toxicity Page: 83 Inhalation Toxicity Page: 84 Conclusion Page: 85 Part 2. Contraindications & safety Page: 85 General Contraindications Page: 89 Safety and Storage of Essential Oils Page: 90 Chapter 5. Aromatherapy and Integrative Healthcare Page: 95 Integrative Healthcare—what’s in a Name? Page: 95 Why do we Need IH? Page: 97 Where does Aromatherapy Fit in an Integrative Model of Healthcare? Page: 97 Models of Integration Page: 97 Examples of Integration Page: 101 Hospital Systems Page: 104 Summary Page: 107 Examples of how Aromatherapy Can be Used in Hospitals Page: 108 How to Begin Integration Page: 109 Conducting a Pilot Study Page: 109 Chapter 6. The ‘M’Technique® Page: 117 What is It? Page: 117 Why is It Relevant to a Book on Clinical Aromatherapy? Page: 117 What is the Relevance of the ‘M’ Technique in Healthcare? Page: 118 Where did the ‘M’ Technique Come From? Page: 118 Where is the Research? Page: 119 Where is It Used? Page: 120 The ‘M’ Technique as Part of Nursing Care Page: 125 Section II. Clinical Use of Aromatherapy Page: 129 Introduction Page: 129 Chapter 7. Infection Page: 130 Infection Page: 130 Bacterial Classification Page: 142 Bacteria and Antibiotics Page: 143 Essential Oils as Antibacterial Agents Page: 145 Research on the Antibacterial Properties of Essential Oils Page: 146 Viruses Page: 149 Antiviral Properties of Essential Oils Page: 151 Fungal Infections Page: 153 Candida albicans Page: 154 Evolutionary Pharmacology Page: 155 Chapter 8. Insomnia Page: 168 Overview Page: 168 Aromatherapy for Insomnia Page: 171 Chapter 9. Nausea and Vomiting Page: 182 Conventional Approaches to Treating Vomiting Page: 182 Aromatherapy for Nausea Page: 184 Chapter 10. Pain and Inflammation Page: 195 Pain Page: 195 Inflammation Page: 212 Conclusions Page: 215 Chapter 11. Stress and Well-Being Page: 223 Stress Page: 223 Section III. Aromatherapy in Clinical Specialties Page: 239 Introduction Page: 239 Chapter 12. Care of the Elderly Page: 240 The Elderly Page: 240 Chapter 13. Critical Care/ICU Page: 252 Aromatherapy for Drug-Resistant Pathogens in Critical Care Page: 254 Fear Page: 259 Aromatherapy in ICU Page: 260 Chapter 14. Dermatology Page: 270 Acne Page: 271 Athlete’s Foot and Onychomycosis Page: 273 Herpes Page: 276 Wrinkles Page: 279 Chapter 15. Mental Health Page: 286 Schizophrenia Page: 286 Aromatherapy and Mental Illness Page: 288 Chapter 16. Oncology Page: 306 Aromatherapy and Cancer Treatment Page: 307 Chapter 17. Palliative, Hospice, and End-of-Life Care Page: 324 Palliative Care Page: 325 Hospice Care Page: 328 End-of-Life Care Page: 330 Chapter 18. Pediatrics Page: 338 Hyperactivity Page: 341 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Page: 342 Pediculosis (Head Lice) Page: 344 Infantile Colic Page: 347 Baby Baths with Lavender Page: 348 Baby Apnea, Pediatric Viral Pneumonia, and Reduction of Sedation During Mechanical Ventilation of a Young Child Page: 348 Chapter 19. Respiratory Care Page: 353 Respiratory Disease Page: 353 Chronic Bronchitis Page: 356 Asthma Page: 358 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Page: 360 Sinusitis Page: 361 Cystic Fibrosis Page: 363 Tuberculosis Page: 364 Forced Vital Lung Capacity Page: 367 Chapter 20. Women’s Health Page: 373 Dysmenorrhea Page: 373 Pregnancy and Labor Page: 376 Postpartum Care Page: 382 Menopause Page: 383 Vaginal Infections Page: 385 Appendix. Recommended Essential Oil Distributors and Resources Page: 395 Index Page: 398 Appendix 2 Page: 413
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