Clinical and diagnostic virology PDF
Preview Clinical and diagnostic virology
This page intentionally left blank Clinical and Diagnostic Virology Clinical and Diagnostic Virology GOURA KUDESIA ConsultantVirologist,SheffieldTeachingHospitalNHSFoundationTrust SeniorClinicalLecturer,UniversityofSheffield HonoraryProfessorClinicalVirology,SheffieldHallamUniversity,Sheffield,UK TIM WREGHITT RegionalMicrobiologistfortheEastofEnglandHealthProtectionAgency HonoraryConsultantVirologist,Addenbrooke’sHospital,Cambridge,UK HonoraryLecturer,UniversityofCambridge,UK CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521694674 © G. Kudesia and T. Wreghitt 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2009 ISBN-13 978-0-511-50894-3 eBook (Dawsonera) ISBN-13 978-0-521-69467-4 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Listofplates pageviii Preface ix Acknowledgements x SECTION 1 – INDIVIDUAL VIRUSES Introductiontovirology 1 1 Adenoviruses 7 2 Arbovirusesandhaemorrhagicfeverviruses 10 3 Cytomegalovirus(CMV) 17 4 Epstein–Barrvirus(EBV) 21 5 Enteroviruses 24 6 HepatitisAvirus(HAV) 28 7 HepatitisBandDviruses(HBVandHDV) 32 8 HepatitisCvirus(HCV) 41 9 HepatitisEvirus(HEV) 46 10 Herpessimplexvirus(HSV) 49 11 Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)andacquired immunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS) 54 12 Humanherpesvirusestypes6,7and8(HHV6,7and8) 62 13 HumanT-cellleukaemiavirus(HTLV) 64 14 Influenzaviruses 69 15 Measlesvirus 73 16 Mumpsvirus 77 17 Noroviruses 80 18 Parainfluenzaviruses 82 19 Papillomaandpolyomaviruses 84 vi Contents 20 ParvovirusB19 90 21 Poxviruses 94 22 Rabiesvirus 98 23 Respiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV) 101 24 Rhinoviruses 104 25 Rotavirus 106 26 Rubellavirus 109 27 SARSCoVandothercoronaviruses 113 28 Varicella-zostervirus(VZV) 116 SECTION 2 – OTHER RELATED AGENTS 29 Chlamydia 121 30 Toxoplasmagondii 126 31 Transmissiblespongiformencephalopathies(CJDandvCJD) 129 SECTION 3 – CLINICAL SYNDROMES 32 Centralnervoussystemviralinfections 133 33 Viraleyeinfections 137 34 Thecommoncold 141 35 Respiratoryvirusinfections 144 36 Atypicalpneumonia 147 37 Gastroenteritisviruses 150 38 Viralhepatitis 153 39 Genitaltractandsexuallytransmittedinfections(STIs) 160 40 Glandularfever-typeillness 164 41 Viralrashesandskininfections 166 42 Infectionsinpregnancy,congenitalandneonatalinfections 173 43 Virusinfectionsinimmunocompromisedpatients 184 44 Viralmalignancies 193 45 Travel-relatedinfections 198 SECTION 4 – DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 46 Sendingspecimenstothelaboratory 201 47 Serologicaltechniques 204 Contents vii 48 Virusdetection 211 49 Moleculartechniques 217 SECTION 5 – PATIENT MANAGEMENT 50 Antiviraldrugs 221 51 Viralvaccines 232 52 Infectioncontrol 239 53 Occupationalhealth 246 Index 250 Plates Fig.1 Herpessimplexvirusskinblistersonapatient’sarm page50 Fig.2 Chickenpoxshowingcroppinglesions 118 Fig.3 Chlamydiatrachomatisconjunctivitis 123 Fig.4 Parainfluenzavirustype3positiveimmunofluorescence 146 Fig.5 Maculopapularrash 167 Fig.6 Orflesiononhand 171 Fig.7 CongenitalCMV 177 Fig.8 Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(EIA)plate 207 Fig.9 Varicella-zostervirusimmunofluorescence 208 Fig.10 UninfectedGraham293cells 214 Fig.11 Graham293cellsshowingadenoviruscytopathiceffect 215 Theplatescanbefoundbetweenpages86and87.
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