Climatic Geomorphology

295 Pages·1973·30.409 MB·English

by  Edward Derbyshire (eds.)

GEOGRAPHICAL READINGS
Climatic Geomorphology
The Geographical Readings series
Published
Rivers and River Terraces G. H. DURY
Introduction to Coastline Development J. A. STEERS
Applied Coastal Geomorphology J. A. STEERS
World Vegetation Types s. R. EYRE
Developing the Underdeveloped Countries ALAN B. MOUNTJOY
Glaciers and Glacial Erosion CLIFFORD EMBLETON
Climatic Geomorphology EDWARD DERBYSHIRE
Transport and Development B. S. HOYLE
Other titles are in preparation
Climatic Geomorphology
EDITED BY
EDWARD DERBYSHIRE
Macmillan Education
ISBN 978-0-333-13653-9 ISBN 978-1-349-15508-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15508-8
Selection, editorial matter, translations and introduction
© Edward Derbyshire 1973
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1973 978-0-333-13652-2
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without permission
First published 1973 by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
London and Basingstoke
Associated companies in New York Toronto
Melbourne Dublin Johannesburg and Madras
SBN 333 13652 7 (hard cover)
SBN 333 13653 5 (paper cover)
The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition
that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold,
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in which it is published and without a similar condition including
this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7
INTRODUCTION 11
1 The Geographical Cycle BY William Morris Davis 19
2 Attempt at a Classification of Climate on a
Physiographic Basis BY Albrecht Penck 51
3 Climate: Factor of Relief BY Emmanuel de Martonne 61
4 The Cycle of Glaciation BY William Herbert Hobbs 76
5 Morphology of Climatic Zones or Morphology of
Landscape Belts? BY Siegfried Passarge 91
6 Landforms of the Savanna Zone with a Short Dry
Season BY Franz Thorbecke 96
7 The Climatic Geomorphic System BY Julius Budel 104
8 The Geographic Cycle in Periglacial Regions as it is
Related to Climatic Geomorphology BY Louis C.
Peltier ! 131
9 The Problem of Erosion Surfaces, Cycles of Erosion and
Climatic Geomorphology BY Herbert Louis 153
10 The Theory of Savanna Planation BY C. A. Cotton 171
11 An Alternate Approach to Morphogenetic Climates
BY William F. Tanner 186
12 Area Sampling for Terrain Analysis BY Louis C.
Peltier 193
13 Climatogenetic Geomorphology BY Julius Budel 202
14 Morphogenic Systems and Morphoclimatic Regions
BY Jean Tricart and Andre Cailleux 228
15 Relationships Between Geomorphic Processes and
Modem Climates as a Method in Paleoclimatology
BY Lee Wilson 269
Index 285
Acknowledgements
The author and publishers wish to thank the following, who have
kindly given permission for the use of copyright material
Chapter 1
The Geographical Cycle, by William Morris Davis, from Geographical
Journal, 14 (1899) 481-504, by permission of the Royal Geographical
Society
Glacial Erosion in France, Switzerland, and Norway, by William
Morris Davis, from Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, 29
(1900) 273-322, by permission of Boston Society of Natural History
The Geographical Cycle in an Arid Climate, by William Morris Davis,
from Journal of Geology, 13 (1905) 381-407
Chapter 2
Versuch einer Klimaklassification auf physiographischer Grundlage,
by Albrecht Penck, translated by Roger S. Mays, from Preussen
Akademie der Wissenschaft Sitz. der physikalisch-mathematischen,
Klasse 12 (1910) 236-246, by permission of Deutsche Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin
Chapter 3
Le climat-facteur du relief, by Emmanuel de Martonne, translated by
Edward Derbyshire, from Scientia (1913) 339-355, by permission of
Masson and Company
Chapter 4
The Cycle of Mountain Glaciation, by William Herbert Hobbs, from
Geographical Journal, 35 (1910) 146-163, by permission of the Royal
Geographical Society
Studies of the Cycle of Glaciation, by William Herbert Hobbs, from
Journal of Geology, 29 (1921) 370-386
8 Acknowledgements
Chapter 5
Morphologie der Klimazonen oder Morphologie der Landschafts
giirtel?, by Siegfried Passarge, translated by Roger S. Mays and
Edward Derbyshire, from Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen,
72 (1926) 173-175, by permission of Haack Gotha
Chapter 6
Die Formenschatz im periodisch trocknen Tropenklima mit tiber
wiegender Regenzeit, by Franz Thorbecke, translated by Roger S.
Mays and Edward Derbyshire, from Diisseldorfer Geographische
Vortriige und Erorterungen, 3 (1927) 10-17 by permission of Ferdinand
Hirt Verlag and Frau Thorbecke
Chapter 7
Das System der Klimatischen Geomorphologie, by Julius Btidel,
translated by Roger S. Mays, from Verhandl. Deutscher Geographie,
27 (1948) 65-100, by permission of the author
Chapter 8
The Geographic Cycle in Periglacial Regions as it is related to Cli
matic Geomorphology, by Louis C. Peltier, from the Annals of the
Association of American Geographers, 40 (1950) 214-236, by per
mission of the Association of American Geographers
Chapter 9
Rumpffiiichenproblem, Erosionszyklus und Klimamorphologie, by
Herbert Louis, translated by Roger S. Mays from Geomorphologische
Studien Hrsg. v. Herbert Louis u. Ing. Schaefer, 262 (1957) 9-26
Chapter 10
The Theory of Savanna Planation, by C. A. Cotton, from Geography,
46 (1961) 89-101, by permission of Geography
Chapter 11
An Alternate Approach to Morphogenetic Climates, by William F.
Tanner, from Southeastern Geology, 2 (1961) 251-257, by permission
of Southeastern Geology
Geomorphology and the Sediment Transport System, by William F.
Tanner, from Southeastern Geology, 4 (1962) 113-126, by permission
of Southeastern Geology
Acknowledgements 9
Chapter 12
Area Sampling for Terrain Analysis, by Louis C. Peltier, from The
Professional Geographer, 14 (1962), by permission of the Association
of American Geographers
Chapter 13
Climatogenetic Geomorphology, by Julius Biidel, translated by
Joyce M. Perry and Edward Derbyshire, from Geographische
Rundschau, 15 (1963) 269-285
Chapter 14
Les grands ensembles morphoclimatiques naturels, chapters 3 and 5,
a
from Introduction la Geomorphologie Climatique, by Jean Tricart and
Andre Cailleux, translated by Edward Derbyshire, by permission of
the Longman Group Limited
Chapter 15
Les relations entre les processus geomorphologiques et Ie climat
modeme comme methode de paleoclimatologie, by Lee Wilson, from
Revue de geographie physique et de geologie dynamique, 11 (1969)
303-314, by permission of Masson and Company
The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright
holders but if they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be
pleased to make the necessary amendment at the first opportunity.
Introduction
IN company with other anthologists in this series, the editor of
this volume is acutely aware of the magnitude of the task which he has
set himself in attempting to represent adequately and to the satisfac
tion of most readers a field of knowledge at once so long established,
highly contentious and fully documented as climatic geomorphology.
It can only be hoped that this collection, in offering material which
for linguistic or other reasons has not been widely available for critical
perusal, will make possible a deeper and more balanced appreciation
of the nature and development of climatic geomorphology up to the
late 1960s.
The papers are arranged chronologically so that, read in sequence,
they demonstrate the emergence of the main tenets of the subject and
the manner in which some ideas have arisen, become submerged, and
then reappeared in the search for more refined definition of the
functional relationships between climate and landforms. The
chosen papers may, of course, be read in isolation and studied in a
comparative way. They fall into three broad groups, a reflection of
the way in which the final choice was made. This was influenced by
three main considerations: first, that the beginnings of the subject
should be illustrated from the work of the pioneer writers; second,
that the fundamental influence of the cycle concept upon the develop
ment of climatic geomorphology had to be represented; and, third,
it was considered essential that examples be selected to illustrate the
major climatic-geomorphological conceptual systems, notably those
of Tricart and Cailleux, Biidel and Peltier.
The collection is made up of edited material from some twenty
articles or chapters in books. Half of these have not previously
appeared in English, so problems of translation have been added to
those of editing. While some works are reproduced in essentially com
plete form (Passarge, Cotton, Biidel, Wilson), the remainder have
been condensed to varying degrees. Wherever possible, this has been
achieved by the removal of whole sections, paragraphs or passages
which, in the editor's opinion, do not greatly fortify the author's main