Table Of Content

Environmental Earth Sciences Hüseyin Gökçekuş Youssef Kassem Editors Climate Change, Natural Resources and Sustainable Environmental Management Environmental Earth Sciences Series Editor James W. LaMoreaux, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA Environmental Earth Sciences encompass mulitdisciplinary studies of the Earth’s atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and pedosphere and humanity’s interaction with them. This book series aims to provide a forum for this diverse rangeofstudies,reportingontheverylatestresultsanddocumentingouremerging understandingoftheEarth’ssystemandourplaceinit.Thetypeofmaterialpublished traditionallyincludes: (cid:129) proceedingsthatarepeer-reviewedandpublishedinassociationwithaconference; (cid:129) post-proceedings consisting of thoroughly revised final papers; and (cid:129) research monographs that may be based on individual research projects. TheEnvironmentalEarthSciencesseriesalsoincludesvariousotherpublications, including: (cid:129) tutorials or collections of lectures for advanced courses; (cid:129) contemporary surveys that offer an objective summary of a current topic of interest; and (cid:129) emerging areas of research directed at a broad community of practitioners. More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8394 ü ö ç ş H seyin G k eku Youssef Kassem (cid:129) Editors Climate Change, Natural Resources and Sustainable Environmental Management 123 Editors Hüseyin Gökçekuş Youssef Kassem Department ofCivil Engineering, Department ofMechanical Engineering, Civil andEnvironmental Engineering Faculty Engineering Faculty Near EastUniversity Near EastUniversity Cyprus, Turkey Cyprus, Turkey ISSN 2199-9155 ISSN 2199-9163 (electronic) Environmental Earth Sciences ISBN978-3-031-04374-1 ISBN978-3-031-04375-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04375-8 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents Climate Change Impact on Water Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Zekâi Şen “Darwinism” and the Future of a Globalized World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Walter W. Kofler Water Related Sectors and Risks in Adaptation to Climate Change . . . 18 Mahnaz Gümrükçüoğlu Yiğit Project Transferring Water from Turkey to Cyprus Island. . . . . . . . . . 28 Necati Agiralioglu Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Future Development of International Environmental Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Abbas Poorhashemi Effects of Undervaluation of Ecosystem Services: Highlighting Cost of Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Ömer Eker Hydropower Outlook of Turkey in 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 İbrahim Gürer Economic Feasibility of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects in Mountain Location, Northern Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Youssef Kassem, Hüseyin Gökçekuş, and Rifat Gökçekuş A Climate Action with Developing Five Minutes Walking Inside and Near Public Centers Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 VahidNourani,HüseyinGökçekuş,FarhadBolouri,andAliSheikhbabaei Non-stationary Temperature Duration Frequency Curves for the North-West Homogeneous Region of India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Meera G. Mohan and S. Adarsh v vi Contents A Comprehensive Strategy Against COVID-19 and Further Pandemics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Walter W. Kofler and Oleg S. Glazachev A Sample Study for Determining Energy Consumption Values in Public Buildings: Central Anatolia Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Selmin Ener Rusen and Aydın Rusen Adjustment ofthe Evaporation Pan Coefficient: CaseStudyofKonya Closed Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Alara Cicibiyik, Nermin Şarlak, and Deniz Üstün AI-Based (ANN) Model for Predicting Electrical Conductivity Using Lysimeter Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Aida H. Baghanam, Amirreza Tabataba Vakili, Vahid Nourani, and Dominika Dąbrowska AI-Based Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation and Temperature via Convolutional Neural Network Using Nonlinear Predictor Screening Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Aida H. Baghanam, Vahid Nourani, and Mohammed Bejani AComparativeStudyofaSmall-ScaleSolarPVPowerPlantinNahr al-Bared, Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Youssef Kassem, Hüseyin Gökçekuş, Hüseyin Çamur, and Engin Esenel Application of WASP8 Deterministic Water Quality Model to Acısu Creek in Antalya, Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Pelin Orhan, Secil Tuzun Dugan, Murat Yesiltas, Mehmet Ali Turan Kocer, Hicran Coban, Ayse Muhammetoglu, and Habib Muhammetoglu Blue Growth, a Key for Sustainable Development of Islands; the Potentials of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Selin Deliceirmak and Ilkay Salihoglu Challenges in Managing Water Crisis and Regulatory Instruments: A Case Study of South Asian and Middle Eastern Countries. . . . . . . . . 164 Mirza Mohammed Abdul Basith Baig and Bertuğ Akıntuğ Cyprus Beaches in the Context of Parabolic Bay Shaped Beach Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Ramin Layeghi, Amin Riazi, and Umut Türker Enhanced Saturated Seepage Analysis Using Fractal Hydraulic Conductivity (Case Study: Gale Chay Dam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Abdollah Ojaghi, Vahid Nourani, and Elnaz Sharghi Contents vii Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development in North Cyprus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 İme Akanyeti and Sedef Çakır Evaluation of Alternative Source of Rare Earth Elements Current Situation (Technological and Economic Aspects) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Şükrü Şafak and Taha Altıparmak Evaluation of Streamflow Drought Index in Aegean Region, Turkey. . . 208 Ayşe Gulmez, Denizhan Mersin, Babak Vaheddoost, and Mir Jafar Sadegh Safari Integration of Electrocoagulation, Electro-Fenton Processes for Treatment of High Concentration Dye Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Doğukan Yümün, Eda Ceylan, Gizem B. Dindaş, Nihal Bektaş, and H. Cengiz Yatmaz Investigation of Meteorological Drought Characteristics of the Great Man-Made River Region (Libya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Mustafa Ibrahim Mohamed Elhaj, Tülay Ekemen Keskin, and Ali Jamali Investigations of Greenery Façade Approaches for the Energy Performance Improvement of Buildings and Sustainable Cities . . . . . . . 230 Saeed Hussein Alhmoud Monthly Rainfall Variability and Vulnerability of Rainfed Cereal Crops in the Tellian Highlands of Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Smadhi Dalila, Zella Lakhdar, Amirouche Mawhoub, Bachir Hakim, and Semiani Mohamed Power System Reliability Assessment Considering Impacts of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Mohammadreza Gholami and Parvaneh Esmaili RepresentationofRainfallinRegionswithaLowDistributionofRain Gauging Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Bachir Hakim, Etsouri Salim, Smadhi Dalila, and Semar Ahcène Salihli Granitoid, Menderes Massif, Western Anatolia: A Sustainable Clean Energy Source for Mitigating CO2 Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Tolga Ayzit, Dornadula Chandrasekharam, and Alper Baba Sorting Greenhouse Gases Based on Human and Environmental Impacts Using (MCDA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Nivin Ghaboun, Hüseyin Gökçekuş, Berna Uzun, and Dilber Uzun Ozsahin viii Contents Sustainable Development for a Secure Future: An Overview of Challenges and Key Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 P. C. Kesavan, O. S. Glazachev, Yu. M. Grishaeva, I. V. Spirin, and O. V. Alymova Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management with Zero Waste Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Serpil Öztaş and Nihal Bektaş The Inventory of Flood Disasters in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Ibrahim Gürer and Ibrahim Uçar The Sensitivity Analysis and Performance of SWAT+ in Simulation of Stream Flow in a Mountainous Catchment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Soghra Andaryani, Farnaz Ershadfath, and Vahid Nourani The Use of Modified Drastic Method (DRASTIC-LU) for Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution at the Palas Basin/Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Mehmet Soylu, Ugur Bozdoganlio, and Filiz Dadaser-Celik Thornthwaite’s Method for the Computation of the Water Balance . . . 339 Selmin Burak, Ayşe Hümeyra Bilge, and Duygu Ülker Urban Heat Island Effects of Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Gokhan Calis, Sadik Alper Yildizel, and Ulku Sultan Keskin ImpactofSucraloseonEnvironmentalBacteria:MechanisticInsights from Molecular Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Victor Markus Author Index.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 369 Climate Change Impact on Water Structures B ZekâiS¸en1,2( ) 1 EngineeringandNaturalSciencesFaculty,IstanbulMedipolUniversity, Beykoz,34815Istanbul,Turkey [email protected] 2 CenterofExcellenceforClimateChangeResearch/DepartmentofMeteorology, KingAbdulazizUniversity,POBox80234,Jeddah21589,SaudiArabia [email protected] Abstract. The literature is full of global warming and climate change impact studiesontheenvironment,ecosystem,anddifferentcomponentsofhydrological cycle.Unfortunately,theseimpactsonengineeringstructuredesign,maintenance, and operation and management studies are rather rare. Climate change impact startedtoplaysignificantrolesincethelastthreedecadesalmostineveryaspects oflifeespeciallyonmeteorologicalandclimatologicaleventsandtheirimpactson waterresources,whicharemanagedbyengineeringstructures.Itseffectsonhydro- meteorologicalrecordsaresearchedwithobjectivemethodologiesquantitatively, butthesameisnotvalidforengineeringwaterstructuresperformancesamong which are dams, weirs, reservoirs, culverts, channels, bridges, wells, highways andtheirsidedrainages,levees,etc.Thispaperprovidesthereviewoftheneces- saryadaptation,combatandmitigationactivitiesagainsttheclimatechangeand variabilityforprotection,constructionoraugmentationoftheengineeringwater structuresdesigncapacity.Landusepracticesandgeomorphologicalchangesalso triggertheclimatechangeimpactsontheengineeringwaterstructures.Themain aimofthispaperistopresenttheimpactofsuchchangesontheengineeringwater structurecapacity,operationandmaintenance. Keywords: Aridregion·Climatechange·Engineering·Risk·Structure· System·Water 1 Introduction Waterresourcesstructuresaremajorsocialengineeringunitsthatareessentialforindi- viduals,societies,countriesandhumanity,ingeneral.Anysocietaldevelopmentisbased onthewaterresourcessystemavailabilityandadaptationtonaturalhazards(droughtsand floods)andanthropogenicallyinducedvariations(includingclimatechange),whichcan beregardedasoneoftheaccumulatingvariability[1–6].Thepotentialimpactofclimate changeonthehydrologicregimeisacrucialquestionforwaterresourcesengineering structuresandcontemporaryhydrologyandwaterresourcesmanagement. HitzandSmith[7]reviewofglobalimpactstudiescouldnotfindclearrelationship betweenchangesinwatersupplyandincreasesinglobalmeantemperature.Theycon- cludedthathighermagnitudesofclimatechangearelikelytoincreasestressonwater resources. This is due in part to the fact that current water resource infrastructure is ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 H.Gökçekus¸andY.Kassem(Eds.):NRSEM2021,EESCI,pp.1–10,2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04375-8_1