Climate Change, Migration and Human Rights

285 Pages·2017·3.856 MB·English

by  Dimitra Manou, Andrew Baldwin, Dug Cubie, Anja Mihr, Teresa Thorp

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Climate Change, Migration and
Human Rights
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5 Climate change is already having serious impacts on the lives of millions of
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: people across the world. These impacts are not only ecological, but also
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2 social, economic and legal. Among the most significant of such impacts is
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a climate change-induced migration. The implications of this on human rights
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o raise pressing questions, which require serious scholarly reflection.
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e Drawing together experts in this field, Climate Change, Migration and
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Human Rights offers a fresh perspective on human rights law and policy
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a issues in the climate change regime by examining the interrelationships
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, between various aspects of human rights, climate change and migration.
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i Three key themes are explored: understanding the concepts of human dig-
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or nity, human rights and human security; the theoretical nexus between
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li human rights, climate change and migration or displacement; and the prac-
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C tical implications and challenges for lawyers and policy-makers of protecting
of human dignity in the face of climate change and displacement. The book
y alsoincludesaseriesofcasestudiesfromAlaska,Bangladesh,Kenyaandthe
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si Pacific islands which aim to improve our understanding of the theoretical
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ve and practical implications of climate change for human rights and migration.
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n This book will be of great interest to scholars of environmental law and
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[ policy, human rights law, climate change, and migration and refugee studies.
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d Dimitra Manou is Senior Researcher in the School of Law, Aristotle Uni-
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d versity of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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w Andrew Baldwin is Associate Professor of Human Geography in the
o Department of Geography, Durham University, UK.
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DugCubieisLecturerintheSchoolofLaw,UniversityCollegeCork,Ireland.
Anja Mihr is Programme Director of the Humboldt–Viadrina Center on
Governance through Human Rights, Berlin, Germany.
Teresa Thorp is CEO & Principal Insight International (International Trade
& Environmental Lawyers & Economists).
Routledge Studies in Environmental Migration, Displacement
and Resettlement
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5 Land Solutions for Climate Displacement
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3: Scott Leckie
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] Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement
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g Edited by Irge Satiroglu and Narae Choi
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n Resettlement Policy in Large Development Projects
a Edited by Ryo Fujikura and Mikiyasu Nakayama
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ni Global Implications of Development, Disasters and Climate Change
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o Edited by Susanna Price and Jane Singer
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C Repairing Domestic Climate Displacement

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o The Peninsula Principles
y Edited by Scott Leckie and Chris Huggins
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v Climate Change Migration and Human Rights
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n Law and Policy Perspectives
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[ Edited by Dimitra Manou, Andrew Baldwin, Dug Cubie, Anja Mihr and
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b Teresa Thorp
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Climate Change, Migration
and Human Rights
Law and Policy Perspectives
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2 Edited by
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3: Dimitra Manou, Andrew Baldwin, Dug
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at Cubie, Anja Mihr and Teresa Thorp
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K ~~o~;J~n~~~up
ORKYOR LLONODONNLODNDOONN LONDON
Y LONDON
LONDONANDNEWYORK
Firstpublished2017
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
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1 ©2017selectionandeditorialmatter,DimitraManou,AndrewBaldwin,
0 DugCubie,AnjaMihrandTeresaThorp;individualchapters,the
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y contributors
Ma Therightoftheeditorstobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorial
material,andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenasserted
0 inaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,Designsand
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5 PatentsAct1988.
4 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproduced
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3 orutilizedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,
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t nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,
a orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissionin
o] writingfromthepublishers.
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e Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor
Di registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation
n withoutintenttoinfringe.
a
S BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
a, AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
i
n LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
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o Acatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenrequested.
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a ISBN:978-1-138-65594-2(hbk)
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ISBN:978-1-315-62221-7(ebk)
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it byTaylor&FrancisBooks
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Contents
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5 List of illustrations vii
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: List of contributors viii
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2 Foreword xi
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] KOKOWARNER
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PARTI
n Introduction 1
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a, 1 Climate change, migration and human rights 3
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r DIMITRAMANOUANDANJAMIHR
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PARTII
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o The theoretical nexus 9
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si 2 Governance and climate change-induced mobility: International
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v and regional frameworks 11
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U ELIZABETHFERRIS
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y 3 Critical perspective on the identification of ‘environmental
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d refugees’ as a category of human rights concern 28
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d BENOÎTMAYER
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o PARTIII
D Legal and policy approaches 43
4 Climate justice, migration and human rights 45
ANJAMIHR
5 Transitional law in the climate change context 68
TERESATHORP
vi Contents
6 State responsibility to prevent climate displacement: The
importance of housing, land and property rights 86
EZEKIELSIMPERINGHAM
7 In-situ adaptation: Non-migration as a coping strategy for
vulnerable persons 99
7 DUGCUBIE
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y PARTIV
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M Case studies 115
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2 8 Climate migration and conflicts: A self-fulfilling prophecy? 117
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4 LENNARTOLSSON
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t 9 The human rights of climate-induced community relocation 129
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] ROBINBRONEN
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e 10 Land matters: Challenges to planned relocation as a durable
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solution to environmentally induced displacement in Kenya 149
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a JEANETTESCHADE
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a, 11 Politicising climate change adaptation: Negotiating
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r environmental migration in the European Union and the Pacific 169
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li SILJAKLEPPANDJOHANNESHERBECK
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f 12 Climate and community: The human rights, livelihood and
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y migration impacts of climate change 189
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si BROOKEA.ACKERLY,MUJIBULANAM,JONATHANGILLIGANAND
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e STEVENGOODBRED
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U 13 Labour mobility options as adaptation strategies to
y [ environmental changes? 203
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d ELISAFORNALÉ
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w Conclusion 217
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14 Conclusion: On the politics of climate change, migration and
human rights 219
ANDREWBALDWIN
Bibliography 226
Index 257
Illustrations
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5 Figure
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3 10.1 Map of Kenyan counties, replacing districts as per
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t constitutional reforms of 2010 152
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e Tables
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n 8.1 Comparison of various state-led approaches to climate-induced
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S migration 119
a, 10.1 Number of natural disasters and affected persons in Kenya,
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n 1964–January 2016 151
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Contributors
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5 Brooke A. Ackerly is Associate Professor at Vanderbilt University. Her
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: publicationsincludePoliticalTheoryandFeministSocialCriticism(Cambridge
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2 2000), Universal Human Rights in a World of Difference (Cambridge 2008)
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a and Doing Feminist Research with Jacqui True (Palgrave Macmillan 2010;
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o second edition forthcoming). Just Responsibility: A Human Rights Theory of
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e Global Justice is forthcoming from Oxford University Press.
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n Mujibul Anam is Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at
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S Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. His areas of interest include public
a, health anthropology, social justice and environment.
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or Andrew Baldwin is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography,
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li DurhamUniversity,andwasChairofCOSTActionIS1101Climatechange
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C andmigration:knowledge,lawandpolicy,andtheory.Heisco-editorofLife
of Adrift: Climate Change, Migration, Critique (Rowman and Littlefield, 2017).
y Andrew’s research examines the intersections of race, whiteness, migration
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si andclimatechange,andappearsinTransactionsoftheInstituteofBritishGeo-
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ve graphers,WIREsClimateChange,Resilience,andEnvironmentandPlanningA.
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U RobinBronenisHumanRightsAttorneyandSeniorResearchScientistatthe
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y University of Alaska Fairbanks, where she has researched climate-induced
b relocationsinAlaskasince2007.Sheco-foundedandcurrentlyworksasthe
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e executivedirectoroftheAlaskaInstituteforJustice,anonprofitagencythat
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a is a research and policy institute focused on climate justice issues. The
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nl AlaskaBarAssociationawardedherthe2012InternationalHumanRights
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Award. Soroptomist International awarded her the 2012 Advancing the
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D RightsofWomenAward.
DugCubieisLecturerintheSchoolofLawatUniversityCollegeCork,Ireland.
Priortoreturningtoacademia,heworkedforovertenyearsinrefugeepro-
tectionandhumanitarianassistance,includingforUNHCRinNepalandthe
RepublicofCongo;IOMinDublin;andtheIrishRedCross.
Elizabeth Ferris is Research Professor with the Institute for the Study of
International Migration at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign
List of contributors ix
Service and also serves as Non-Resident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy
at the Brookings Institution.
Elisa Fornalé is SBSF Professor at the World Trade Institute. She is the
Scientific Responsible of the newly launched Horizon 2020 Project “Cli-
mate Security with Local Authorities”. She was awarded the SNSF Pro-
fessorship for a project entitled “Framing Environmental Degradation,
7 Human Mobility and Human Development as a Matter of Common
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0 Concern”. She holds a law degree from the University of Trento and a
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y Ph.D. in law from the University of Palermo.
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Jonathan Gilligan is Associate Professor of Earth and Environmental Sci-
0 ences and Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at
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5 Vanderbilt University. His publications include more than 70 papers in
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: physics, medicine, engineering, environmental science, law and policy.
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2 Beyond Gridlock, with Michael Vandenbergh, is forthcoming from
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a Cambridge University Press.
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g Steve Goodbred isProfessorofEarthandEnvironmentalSciencesatVander-
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Di bilt University. His research centres on the geologic development and
n response of coastal settings to natural and human-driven environmental
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S change.Hehaspublishedover50peer-reviewedarticlesandbookchapters,
a, with an emphasis on research in the Ganges–Brahmaputra River delta,
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n Bangladesh.
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li Johannes Herbeck has studied Human Geography, Political Sciences and
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C Sociology in Munich, Germany. Since 2008, he has been working as a
of Researcher at the Sustainability Research Center at the University of
y Bremen.In2014,hereceivedaPh.D.forhisthesis“GeographiesofClimate
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si Change: Vulnerability, Security, Translocality”. Since then, he has been a
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ve researcherandscientificcoordinatorwithintheproject“NewRegionalFor-
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n mations:RapidEnvironmentalChangeandMigrationinCoastalRegionsof
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[ GhanaandIndonesia”,fundedbytheVolkswagenFoundation,Germany.
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b Silja Klepp is Professor of Geography at Kiel University. She is a trained
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e socialanthropologist.Inhercurrent research onclimate change migration
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a and adaptation she integrates postcolonial perspectives and critical theories
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nl in the study of the effects of climate change.
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o Dimitra Manou is Senior Researcher at the School of Law, Aristotle Uni-
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versity of Thessaloniki. From 2011 to 2015, she was the co-leader of
Working Group II “Law and Policy” of COST Action programme
IS1101:“ClimateChangeand Migration: Knowledge,Lawand Policy,and
Theory”. Her research focuses on aspects of international environmental
law, including climate change and biodiversity conservation.
Benoît Mayer is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law in the Chinese
University of Hong Kong and the managing editor of the Chinese Journal