Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance PDF
Preview Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Editedby NarendraTutejaand SarvajeetS.Gill ClimateChangeandPlant AbioticStressTolerance RelatedTitles Tuteja,N.,Gill,S.S.,Tiburcio,A.F., Tuteja,N.,Gill,S.S.,Tuteja,R.(eds.) Tuteja,R.(eds.) ImprovingCropProductivityin ImprovingCropResistanceto SustainableAgriculture AbioticStress 2013 2012 PrintISBN:978-3-527-33242-7, PrintISBN:978-3-527-32840-6, alsoavailableindigitalformats alsoavailableindigitalformats Yadav,S.S.,Redden,B.,Hall,A.,Hatfield, Sauer,T.J.,Norman,J.,Sivakumar,M.K. J.,Lotze-Campen (eds.) CropAdaptationtoClimate SustainingSoilProductivityin Change ResponsetoGlobalClimate 2011 Change PrintISBN:978-0-813-82016-3, alsoavailableindigitalformats 2010 PrintISBN:978-0-470-95857-5, Hirt,H.(ed.) alsoavailableindigitalformats PlantStressBiology Wood,A.,Jenks,M.(eds.) FromGenomicstoSystemsBiology GenesforPlantAbioticStress 2010 PrintISBN:978-3-527-32290-9, 2010 alsoavailableindigitalformats PrintISBN:978-0-813-81502-2, alsoavailableindigitalformats Edited by Narendra Tuteja and Sarvajeet S. Gill Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance Editors LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethe publisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsor Dr. Narendra Tuteja warrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor Plant Mol ecular Biology Group completenessofthecontentsofthisbookand Internation al Center for Genetic specificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof Engineering and Biotech nology (ICGEB) merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose. Aruna Asaf Ali Marg Nowarrantycanbecreatedorextendedbysales New Delhi 110067 representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.TheAdvice India andstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitable foryoursituation.Youshouldconsultwitha Dr. Sarvajeet S. Gill professionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublisher 221, Stress Physiolo gy & Molecu lar norauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitorany Biology Lab othercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimited Centre for Biotechno logy tospecial,incidental,consequential,orother Maharshi D ayanand Universit y damages. Rohtak 124001 Haryana LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedfor India BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromthe Cover BritishLibrary. BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutsche Clockwise beginning at the top: Chickpea Nationalbibliothek plant, # Swapan, Fotolia.com; Schematic TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhis illustration of plant water stress responses, publicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; Yuriko Osakabe ( for more information see detailed bibliographicdataareavailableonthe Figure 4.1); In vitro multiplication of shoots of Internet at < http://dnb.d-nb.de> . A. vera, Narpat S. Shekhawat, ( for more information see Fig. 32.2); Antarctic iceberg, #2014Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaA, # Goinyk Volodymyr, Fotolia.com; Boschstr.12,69469Weinheim,Germany Avicennia_resinifera;weathericons, Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons, # Paulista, Fotolia.com; Background: dry land, formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific, # fotola70, Fotolia.com Technical,andMedicalbusinesswithBlackwell Publishing. Allrightsreserved(includingthoseoftranslationinto otherlanguages).Nopartofthisbookmaybe reproducedinanyform–byphotoprinting, microfilm,oranyothermeans–nortransmittedor translatedintoamachinelanguagewithoutwritten permissionfromthepublishers.Registerednames, trademarks,etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennot specificallymarkedassuch,arenottobeconsidered unprotectedbylaw. PrintISBN: 978-3-527-33491-9 ePDFISBN: 978-3-527-67523-4 ePubISBN: 978-3-527-67525-8 MobiISBN: 978-3-527-67524-1 oBookISBN: 978-3-527-67526-5 CoverDesign Adam-Design,Weinheim,Germany Typesetting ThomsonDigital,Noida,India PrintingandBinding MarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd, Singapore Printedonacid-freepaper. Dedication Professor M.S. Swaminathan This book is dedicated to Professor M.S. Swaminathan – the Father of the Green Revolution in India. Professor M.S. Swaminathan was born in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu,India on 7 August 1925 and obtained his B.Sc. in 1947 from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. He did post-graduation work in genetics and plant breeding in 1949 attheIndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute(IARI).HeearnedhisPh.Ddegreein 1952fromtheUniversityofCambridge,UK,forhisthesis,“Speciesdifferentiation, and the nature of polyploidy in certain species of the genus Solanum – section Tuberarium.”Hisworkpresentedanewconceptofthespeciesrelationshipswithin thetuber-bearingSolanum.Heundertookpost-doctoralresearchattheUniversityof Wisconsin and returned back to India in 1954 to serve the country. Professor SwaminathanisarenownedPlantGeneticistforhisleadingroleinIndia’s“Green Revolution” – a program under which high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Professor Swaminathan has beenacclaimedbyTIMEmagazineasoneofthe20mostinfluentialAsiansofthe twentieth century and one of the only three from India, the other two being Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore. He has been described by the UN EnvironmentProgrammeas“theFatherofEconomicEcology”andbyJavierPerez deCuellar,SecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNations(1982–1991),as“alivinglegend whowillgointotheannalsofhistoryasaworldscientistofraredistinction.”Aplant geneticist by training, Professor Swaminathan’s contributions to the agricultural renaissanceofIndiahaveledtohisbeingwidelyreferredtoasthescientificleaderof thegreenrevolutionmovement.Hisadvocacyofsustainableagricultureleadingto anever-green revolutionmakeshimanacknowledged worldleaderinthefieldof sustainable food security. He is known as the “Father of the Green Revolution in India”forhisleadershipandsuccessinintroducingandfurtherdevelopinghigh- yielding varieties of wheat in India. TheInternational Association of Women and Developmentconferredonhimthefirstinternationalawardforsignificantcontri- butions to promoting the knowledge, skill, and technological empowerment of women in agriculture, and for his pioneering role in mainstreaming gender considerations in agriculture and rural development. Professor Swaminathan has served as Director of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (1966–1972),DirectorGeneraloftheIndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearchand Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Agricultural Research and Education (1972–1979), Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture (1979–1980), ActingDeputyChairman,andlaterMember,UnionPlanningCommission(1980– 1982), and Director General of the International Rice Research Institute, the Philippines(1982–1988).Currently,heholdstheUNESCOChairinEco-technology and is Chairman of the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai. ProfessorSwaminathanisFellowoftheRoyalSocietyofLondon,theUSNational AcademyofSciences,theRussianandChineseAcademiesofSciencesinadditionto the Indian National Science Academy and the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Professor Swaminathan was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for CommunityLeadershipin1971,theAlbertEinsteinWorldScienceAwardin1986, thefirstWorldFoodPrizein1987,andtheVolvoandTylerPrizeforEnvironment, theIndiraGandhiPrizeforPeace,DisarmamentandDevelopment,theFranklinD. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Medal and the Mahatma Gandhi Prize of UNESCO in 2000. Professor Swaminathan has received 66 honorary doctorate degrees from universities around the world. j VII Foreword Iamdelightedtowritetheforewordforthisbookthatdealswithasubjectofhuge importance to hundreds of millions of farmers across the globe. Research on the impacts of climate change on agriculture, in general, and rainfed agriculture, in particular, has been largely deficient, except till very recently. However, recently generatedknowledgeonthesubjectprovidesastrongbasisforcompilingwhatever workhasbeendoneinthefieldanddisseminatingitonalargescale.Thisparticular bookdealingwithvariousaspectsrelatedtostresstoleranceandhowthiswouldbe affectedbyclimatechangeisamajorstepforwardinimprovingourunderstatingof thesubject.Itissignificantthatthehundredsofmillionsofsmallfarmersacrossthe world who are largely dependent on rainfed agriculture already face a number of stresses resulting from the very nature of their activities and the implications for livelihoodsdependentonrainfedagricultureareofgreatsignificance.Theimpacts of climate change generally tend to exacerbate these stresses. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)actuallyfoundthatby2020therecouldbeadeclineofagricultural yieldsofupto50%insomecountriesinAfricaasaresultofclimatechangeand climate variability. Sadly, the kind of attention that is required for research and developmenttoaddressthisproblemhasnotyetbeenappliedatanadequatelevel. Consequently,theproblemsofthissectionoftheagriculturalcommunityworldwide remain largely neglected. This particular book looks at various aspects of agriculture, including sustain- abilityofagriculturalpractices,theproductionofbioenergycrops,drought,salinity, and heat stress tolerance in some crops as well as other important topics. It, therefore, covers a wide range of subjects that provide the reader with a compre- hensive overview of climate change and its effects on abiotic stress tolerance. I am sure the publication of this book will add a great deal to the global understanding of a subject that has major implications not only for food security worldwide, butalsofor thesocioeconomic conditionsof communitiesaffectedby climate change at the basic grassroots level. R.K. Pachauri Director General, TERI
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