Climate Change and Environmental Impacts: Past, Present and Future Perspective PDF
Preview Climate Change and Environmental Impacts: Past, Present and Future Perspective
Society of Earth Scientists Series Binita Phartiyal · Rahul Mohan · Supriyo Chakraborty · Venkatesh Dutta · Anil Kumar Gupta Editors Climate Change and Environmental Impacts: Past, Present and Future Perspective Society of Earth Scientists Series SeriesEditor SatishC.Tripathi,Lucknow,India The Society of Earth Scientists Series aims to publish selected conference pro- ceedings, monographs, edited topical books/text books by leading scientists and expertsinthefieldofgeophysics,geology,atmosphericandenvironmentalscience, meteorology and oceanography as Special Publications of The Society of Earth Scientists. The objective is to highlight recent multidisciplinary scientific research andtostrengthenthescientificliteraturerelatedtoEarthSciences.Qualityscientific contributionsfromallacrosstheGlobeareinvitedforpublicationunderthisseries. SeriesEditor:Dr.SatishC.Tripathi (cid:129) (cid:129) Binita Phartiyal Rahul Mohan (cid:129) (cid:129) Supriyo Chakraborty Venkatesh Dutta Anil Kumar Gupta Editors Climate Change and Environmental Impacts: Past, Present and Future Perspective Editors BinitaPhartiyal RahulMohan BirbalSahniInstituteofPalaeosciences NationalCentreforPolarandOceanResearch Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India Vasco-da-Gama,Goa,India SupriyoChakraborty VenkateshDutta IndianInstituteofTropicalMeteorology SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalSciences Pune,India BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkarUniversity Lucknow,India AnilKumarGupta NationalInstituteofDisasterManagement, MinistryofHomeAffairs,GovtofIndia NewDelhi,India ISSN2194-9204 ISSN2194-9212 (electronic) SocietyofEarthScientistsSeries ISBN978-3-031-13118-9 ISBN978-3-031-13119-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13119-6 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland ’ Series Editor s Foreword Earth’s climate varies even without human influence, but the acceleration in the changingpatternwithcauseandeffectby/tothecivilisationisamatterofconcernto scientists.Thesepatternsarelessonstounderstandfuturetrendsandwaysandmeans for mitigation. The extreme weather events in almost every region of the globe involving excessive loss of human life and property are causing anxiety in society and posing challenges before scientists and planners. Cyclical variations in the Earth’s climate occur at multiple timescales, from years to decades, centuries, and millennia.Cycles ateachscale arecaused by a variety ofphysicalmechanisms.In thelast65Maonly,therehavebeenseveralcyclesofglacialadvancesandretreat, withtheabruptendofthelasticeageabout11,700yearsagomarkingthebeginning of the modern climate era and human civilization. A multidisciplinary approach in studying the Earth’s changing climate will provide a holistic view and guide us in futureplanningandprogramming. Inordertodiscusstheseissues,anExpertTalkandGroupDiscussionfollowedby multi-domain international virtual conference was organised (13 October and15– 17 October, 2020), wherein recent researches on palaeo-climatic changes and disasters,Quaternaryclimatevariationsandclimatecycles,extremeweatherevents and meteorological studies, natural atmospheric climate forcing, ocean warming, coastal ecosystem, and disaster mitigation planning and management will be presentedandthescopeofmutualresearchcooperationinfuturewillbediscussed. COVID-19’s impact on the environment and future strategies to retain a positive impact on the environment by sustainable development were presented. The out- comeofthisbrainstormingispresentedinthisvolume. Our sincere acknowledgement to Prof. Dame Jane Francis, Director, British Antarctic Survey; Prof. Kim Holmén, International Director, Norwegian Polar Institute; Prof. A. Singhvi, Physical Research Laboratory; Sri Surya Sethi, Former PrincipalAdviser(Power&Energy),Plg.Com.&UNFCCCNegotiator;SriMukul Sanwal,Retd.IAS,FormerlywithUNEP&UNFCCCNegotiator;Prof.R.Srikanth, NIAS,Bangalore;Dr.JRBhat,Adviser,MoEF&CC;Dr.AkhileshGupta,Adviser, DST; Dr. R. Krishnan, IITM, Pune; Dr. Ajay Mathur, Director General, TERI; v vi SeriesEditor’sForeword Dr. Satish Shenoy, Former Director, INCOIS, Hyderabad; Dr. M. Ravichandran, Director, NCPOR, Goa; Prof. Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah, Director, IITM, Pune; Dr. M V Ramana Murthy, Director, NCCR; Prof. Anil Kulkarni, IISc, Bangalore; Prof.ChandraVenkataraman,IITBombay,fortakingpartinPre-conferenceExpert Talks and International Group Discussions. Special thanks to Dr. Vandana Prasad, Director, BSIP, Lucknow, for all-round support in the virtual organisation of the conference.Ialsosincerelythankalltheeditorsandcontributorsofthisvolumefor bringingoutthisvaluablescientificinformationandresearch. TheSocietyofEarthScientists SatishC.Tripathi Lucknow,India Contents FloralDiversityandClimateChangeintheSiwalikSuccession. . . . . . . 1 HarshitaBhatia,GauravSrivastava,R.C.Mehrotra,andKhumN. Paudayal EarlyPaleogeneMegafloraofthePalaeoequatorialClimate: ACaseStudyfromtheGurhaLigniteMineofRajasthan,Western India. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . 21 KajalChandra,AnumehaShukla,andR.C.Mehrotra DevelopmentofCenogramTechniqueOverthePastSixDecades withSomeInsightsintotheVariedHabitatsOccupiedbyDiverse MammalianCommunitiesAcrossSpain,China,andIndiaTransiting theMiddleMioceneClimaticOptimum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ViveshV.Kapur,BlancaA.GarcíaYelo,andM.G.Thakkar PalynofloralDiversityDuringMid-MioceneWarminginKerala Basin,South-WesternIndia:PalaeoclimaticImplications. . . . . . . . . . . . 47 YogeshPalSingh,PoonamVerma,andAbhaSingh Non-PollenPalynomorphsfromtheLate-HoloceneSediments ofMajuliIsland,Assam(Indo-BurmaRegion):Implicationsto PalaeoenvironmentalStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 AryaPandey,SwatiTripathi,andSadhanKumarBasumatary ClimateVariabilityandItsCausalMechanismsOverthe NortheasternIndianHimalaya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 PrachitaArora,PriyankaSingh,S.NawazAli,P.Morthekai, MayankShekhar,andRubyGhosh vii viii Contents QuaternaryClimateofNarmadaValley:ACaseStudy onUnderstandingProvenance,WeatheringandDepositional EnvironmentUsingAlluviumGeochemistryfromTawaRiver Basin,HoshangabadDistrict,MadhyaPradesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 ShradhaShukla,JayshreeMeshram,ChhayaMinz,HemrajSuryavanshi, andShubrasuchiSarkar HeterogeneityinGlacierAreaLossinResponsetoClimateChange inSelectedBasinsofWesternHimalaya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 RiyazAhmadMir,ZahidMajeed,RayeesAhmed,SanjayK.Jain, SyedTowseefAhmed,MuneerAhmadMukhtar, andGowharFarooqWani ProglacialLandscapeTransformationsinArctic,Ny-Alesund Area,Svalbard:ParaglacialProcessesandClimateWarming DuringLateQuaternary. .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 175 SharatDutta,MohdSadiq,andAmitDharwadkar ImpactofChangingClimateOverPolarIceSheet: ACaseStudyfromLarsemannHills,EastAntarctica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 PradeepKumar,AbhishekVerma,DeepakGajbhiye,VikashChandra, AjantaGoswami,andSharatDutta PrevalentClimateVariablesDuringAblationSeasonAround GangotriGlacier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 ManoharAroraandJatinMalhotra CompactedSnowDuneComplexesinAntarcticaandtheir ApplicabilityasNewClimateChangeandBasementTectonic Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 AnshumanMisra,K.S.Misra,andD.P.Dobhal InvestigatingtheEffectofEnvironmentalVariablesontheIsotopic CompositionofTranspiration:ImplicationstoStudytheMonsoon Processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 AmeyDatye,CharutaMurkute,S.Chakraborty,PramitK.DebBurman, M.N.Patil,andT.Dharmaraj InvestigatingtheEffectofAir-seaCarbonDynamicsandWater QualityParametersontheCoralReefEcosystemofLakshadweep Sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 RaviRanjithkumar,SaravananKumaresan,SupriyoChakraborty, AmeyDatye,NowferKuly,andKumarBalachandar TrendAnalysisandChangePointDetectionofAnnualandSeasonal PrecipitationTimeseriesOverVaranasiDistrict,UttarPradesh. . . . . . . 267 AntaraGuptaandAjaiMishra Contents ix AssessmentofSnowCoverChangesOvertheTonsRiverBasin DuringLastTwoDecades(2000–2019). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 AradhanaThakur,AnupmaSharma,andL.N.Thakural ExtremeRainfallTrendsandtheirStatisticalSignificance. . . . . . . . . . . 295 SanjayKumar,L.N.Thakural,SunilGurrapu,andJ.P.Patra ExaminationofHistoricalTrendsandFutureProjectionsfor ClimateandLand-useVariablesanditsImpactsonKalna RiverFlowinGoa,India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 AshwiniPaiPanandiker,B.Venkatesh,ShubhamGude,K.Mahender, andA.G.Chachadi TemporalTrendsinWaterDischargeCharacteristicsofthe LargePeninsularRivers:AssessingtheRoleofClimaticand AnthropogenicFactors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 HarishGupta,S.KiranKumarReddy,andVamshiKrishnaGandla GroundwaterResponsestoClimateVariabilityinPunjab,India. . . . . . 333 GopalKrishan,NiteshPatidar,N.Sudarsan,RajeshVasisth, andB.S.Sidhu ReflectionsonTemporalTrendsinWaterQualityandClimate VariabilityatThreeDegradationHotspotsofLeadingRivers inIndia. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 345 ApoorvaBamal,AkashSondhi,NiharikaSingh,andPriyamSaxena DroughtFrequencyAssessmentandImplicationsofClimateChange forMaharashtra,India. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 369 RashmiSingh,SonalBindal,AnilKumarGupta,andMadhuriKumari Multi-temporalImpactAnalysisofCovid-19Lockdown andUnlockMeasuresonMajorAirPollutantsinGuwahatiCity, India. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . 383 RitwikNigam,KanviPandya,AlvarinhoLuis,andMahenderKotha ImpactofLockdownonAirQualityinMegacitiesofIndiaDuring COVID-19Pandemic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 PallaviPradeepKhobragadeandAjayVikramAhirwar UnderstandingUrbanFloodsasExtremeEventsandDisaster Management:ACaseStudyofBengaluru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 SonalBindal,SandipanSamanta,andAnilKumarGupta EngenderedClimateRiskAnalysis:APrecursortoGender EqualityandEmpowerment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 SavitaAggarwal,VandanaSharma,SmitaChakravarty,andJagritiKher CovidLockdownImprovestheHealthofRiverYamuna: APilotStudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 DivyaGhildyal,M.B.SanthoshKumar,andK.P.Singh
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