Climate Change Adaptation in North America: Fostering Resilience and the Regional Capacity to Adapt

347 Pages·2017·7.63 MB·English

by  Walter Leal Filho

Climate Change Management
Walter Leal Filho
Jesse M. Keenan Editors
Climate Change
Adaptation in North
America
Fostering Resilience and the Regional
Capacity to Adapt
Climate Change Management
Series editor
Walter Leal Filho, Hamburg, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8740
Walter Leal Filho Jesse M. Keenan
(cid:129)
Editors
Climate Change Adaptation
in North America
Fostering Resilience and the Regional
Capacity to Adapt
123
Editors
Walter LealFilho Jesse M.Keenan
Faculty of LifeSciences Graduate Schoolof Design
Hamburg University of AppliedSciences Harvard University
Hamburg Cambridge, MA
Germany USA
ISSN 1610-2010 ISSN 1610-2002 (electronic)
Climate Change Management
ISBN978-3-319-53741-2 ISBN978-3-319-53742-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53742-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017933436
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Preface
North America and the Caribbean are affected by extreme weather and climate
change at a variety of scales and within the context of an even greater diversity of
geographies, ecologies and institutions. Whereas droughts affect the western part
oftheUSAandCanada,theeasternportionofthecontinentisparticularlyproneto
flooding and sea-level rise. Even in the Caribbean, where tropical cyclones have
beentheprimaryriskfactorforgenerations,apersistentdroughtisleadingtosevere
ecological stresses that are driving unprecedented transformations in economy and
society.
According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) produced by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), recent climate variations and
individualextreme events demonstrate bothimpactsofclimate-related stresses and
the vulnerabilities of exposed systems. Many climate stresses that carry risk—
particularly related to severe heat, heavy precipitation and declining snowpack—
willincreaseinfrequencyand/orseverityinNorthAmericainthecomingdecades.
AR5 also states that current and future climate-related drivers of risk for small
islands during the twenty-first century, such as those in the Caribbean region, will
includesea-level rise (SLR), tropical and extratropical cyclones, increasing air and
sea surface temperatures, and changingrainfall patterns. In addition,these patterns
arelikelytopersistinsomeofthemostadvancedurbanenvironmentsintheworld,
including Miami, Washington, D.C., New York and Boston.
Among other things, AR5 states that adaptation to climate change generates
greater benefits when delivered in conjunction with other development activities,
such as disaster risk reduction and community-based approaches to development.
Whether it is a sparsely populated Caribbean island or a major continental urban
region, adaptation processes are increasingly be recognized as critical steps where
conventional modes of consumption, production and risk mitigation are unsus-
tainable.Theabovestateofaffairsillustratestheneedforabetterunderstandingof
how climate change affects North America and for the identification of processes,
methodsandtoolsthatmayhelpcountriesandcommunitiestodevelopanadaptive
capacity. There is also a critical need to showcase successful examples of how to
v
vi Preface
managethesocial,economicandpoliticalcomplexitiesposedbyclimatechange,so
that lessons can be learned and best practices may be disseminated.
This book serves the purpose of showcasing experiences from research, field
projects and best practice in climate change adaptation in North America that may
beusefulorimplementedinothercountriesandregions.Afurtheraimofthisbook
is to document and disseminate the wealth of experiences available today. Part I
describes experiences on climate adaptation management in rural and urban areas,
includingelementsrelatedtocommunitydeliberationsandtheinfluencesofpolicy
and governance. Part II focuses on climate change and the built environment, also
emphasizingaspectsofplanning.PartIIIincludesasetofpaperswithanemphasis
on adaptation, resilience and multi-hazard mitigation. Part IV puts an emphasis on
information, communication, education and training on climate change. Part V
entails elements related to climate change, planning and health, as well as two
examplesfromotherregions.Afinalchapteroffersacross-disciplinaryperspective
on the factors shaping North American adaptation research.
We thank the authors for their willingness to share their knowledge, know-how
and experiences, as well as the many peer reviewers, which have helped us to
ensure the quality of the manuscripts.
Hamburg, Germany Walter Leal Filho
Cambridge, MA, USA Jesse M. Keenan
Spring 2017
Contents
1 Climate Change Adaptation in North America:
A Short Review of Priorities... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Walter Leal Filho
Part I Climate Adaptation Management in Rural and Urban Areas
2 Community Deliberation to Build Local Capacity
for Climate Change Adaptation: The Rural Climate
Dialogues Program . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 9
C. Daniel Myers, Tara Ritter and Andrew Rockway
3 A Participatory Process to Design Climate Change
Adaptation Measures for the Carmen-Pajonal-Machona
Lagoon System in Mexico..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 27
Valentina Giannini, Emiliano Ramieri, Margarita Caso Chávez,
Karina Santos del Prado Gasca and Karla Priego Martínez
4 Experimentalist Regional Governance for Climate Change
Adaptation: A Canadian Case Study.... .... .... .... ..... .... 51
Nicole Klenk, Dragos Flueraru and James Ian MacLellan
5 The Participative Action Research Approach to Climate
Change Adaptation in Atlantic Canadian Coastal
Communities .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
Omer Chouinard, Steve Plante, Sebastian Weissenberger,
Mélinda Noblet and Julie Guillemot
6 Recent Harm, Problematic Impacts, and Socially Feasible
Adaptation Options to Heatwaves and Heavy Rain Events
in New York City .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 89
Diana Reckien
vii
viii Contents
Part II Climate Change and the Built Environment
7 A Critical Discussion on the Roles of Institutions on Ports’
Adaptation to the Impacts Posed by Climate Change .. ..... .... 105
Huiying Zhang, Adolf K.Y. Ng and Austin Becker
8 Beyond Restoration: Planting Coastal Infrastructure... ..... .... 119
Rosetta S. Elkin
9 COREDAR for Cities: Developing a Capacity Building
Tool for Sea-Level Rise Risk Communication
and Urban Community-Based Adaptation ... .... .... ..... .... 137
A. Saleem Khan
Part III Conflicts and Synergies: Adaptation, Resilience
and Multi-hazard Mitigation
10 A Region Under Threat? Climate Change Impacts,
Institutional Change and Response of Local Communities
in Coastal Yucatán . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 161
M.A. Lysann Schneider and Tobias Haller
11 Designing for Future Uncertainties: Comparative Studies
of Two Adaptive Strategies in Urban Design in New York
and Sweden ... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 177
Sander Schuur
12 Designing with Risk: Balancing Global Risk and Project Risks....... 193
Matthijs Bouw
13 Coping with Higher Sea Levels and Increased Coastal
Flooding in New York City ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 209
Vivien Gornitz, Radley Horton, Daniel A. Bader, Philip Orton
and Cynthia Rosenzweig
14 Building an Adaptation Tool for Visualizing the Coastal
Impacts of Climate Change on Prince Edward Island,
Canada... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 225
Adam Fenech, Alex Chen, Andrew Clark and Nick Hedley
Part IV Information, Communication, Education and Training
on Climate Change
15 Effective Public Service Communication Networks
for Climate Change Adaptation.... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 241
Rae Zimmerman
Contents ix
16 Speaking Out or Staying Quiet on Climate Change:
Broadcast Meteorologists Influenced by the Need
to Be Pithy, Popular and Politically Cautious. .... .... ..... .... 261
Helen Meldrum, David Szymanski, Eric A. Oches
and P. Thompson Davis
Part V Climate Change, Planning and Health and Examples
from Other Regions
17 Urban Planning to Prevent Mosquito-Borne Diseases
in the Caribbean... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 281
Derek W. Willis
18 Mental Health Impacts of Droughts: Lessons
for the U.S. from Australia.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 289
Elisaveta P. Petkova, Anne S. Celovsky, Wei-Yann Tsai
and David P. Eisenman
19 Linking Science and Policy on Climate Change: The Case
of Coquimbo Region, Chile.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 305
Sonia Salas, Angelo Araya and Andrés Bodini
20 Selection Support Framework Fostering Resilience Based
on Neighbourhood Typologies . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 321
Laura Kleerekoper, Jeroen Kluck and Andy van den Dobbelsteen
Part VI Final Considerations
21 A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective on the Factors Shaping
North American Adaptation Research... .... .... .... ..... .... 339
Jesse M. Keenan