Climate Change Adaptation in Africa: Fostering Resilience and Capacity to Adapt

746 Pages·2017·22.31 MB·English

by  Walter Leal Filho

Climate Change Management
Walter Leal Filho
Belay Simane
Jokasha Kalangu
Menas Wuta
Pantaleo Munishi
Kumbirai Musiyiwa Editors
Climate Change
Adaptation in
Africa
Fostering Resilience and Capacity to
Adapt
Climate Change Management
Series editor
Walter Leal Filho, Hamburg, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8740
Walter Leal Filho Belay Simane
(cid:129)
Jokasha Kalangu Menas Wuta
(cid:129)
Pantaleo Munishi Kumbirai Musiyiwa
(cid:129)
Editors
Climate Change Adaptation
in Africa
Fostering Resilience and Capacity to Adapt
123
Editors
Walter LealFilho MenasWuta
FTZ-NK Soil ScienceandAgricultural Engineering
HAWHamburg University of Zimbabwe
Hamburg Harare
Germany Zimbabwe
BelaySimane PantaleoMunishi
Environmental andDevelopment Studies Department Ecosystems andConservation,
AddisAbaba University CollegeofForestry,WildlifeandTourism
AddisAbaba SokoineUniversity of Agriculture
Ethiopia Morogoro
Tanzania
JokashaKalangu
Schoolof Water Resources Kumbirai Musiyiwa
SouthEastern KenyaUniversity Agricultural Sciences andTechnology
Nairobi ChinhoyiUniversity of Technology
Kenya Chinhoyi
Zimbabwe
ISSN 1610-2010 ISSN 1610-2002 (electronic)
Climate Change Management
ISBN978-3-319-49519-4 ISBN978-3-319-49520-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49520-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016960722
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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Preface
It is widely known that Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate
change.AstheFifthAssessmentReport(AR5)producedbytheIntergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has shown, climate change is expected to have
widespread impacts on African societies and Africans’ interaction with the natural
environment. There are also signs that the impacts of climate change are already
being felt, not only in terms of increases in temperature, but also in respect of
agriculture (with lower crop yields) and the availability of water resources, among
others. The links between climate change and the incidence of diseases such as
malaria are also becoming clearer.
The above state of affairs illustrates the need for a better understanding of how
climate change affects African countries, and for the identification of processes,
methods and tools which may help African nations to adapt. There is also a per-
ceived need to showcase successful examples of how to cope with the social,
economic and political problems posed by climate change in Africa.
It is against this background that the “Symposium on Climate Change
AdaptationinAfrica”wasorganisedbyManchesterMetropolitanUniversity(UK),
Addis Ababa University, the Research and Transfer Centre “Applications of Life
Sciences” of the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and the
International Climate Change Information Programme (ICCIP). The Symposium,
held in Addis Ababa in February 2016, was a truly interdisciplinary event,
mobilisingAfricanandnon-Africanscholarsundertakingresearchand/orexecuting
climate change projects in the African continent.
This book, which contains a set of papers presented at the Symposium, focuses
on“FosteringAfricanResilienceandCapacitytoAdapt”,meaningthatitwillserve
the purpose of showcasing experiences from research, field projects and best
practiceinclimate change adaptationinAfrican countries, whichmay beusefulor
implemented in other countries in the continent.
Consistentwiththeneedfor more cross-sectoral interactions among thevarious
stakeholders working in the field of climate change adaptation in the African
continent, this book aims to:
v
vi Preface
i. provide research institutions, universities, NGOs and enterprises from Africa
and those working in Africa with an opportunity to display and present their
works in the field of climate change adaptation;
ii. foster the exchange of information, ideas and experiences acquired in the
execution of climate change adaptation projects, especially successful initia-
tives and good practice across the African continent;
iii. introduce methodological approaches and experiences deriving from case
studies and projects, which aim to show how climate change adaptation may
be implemented in practice; and
iv. to network African and non-African experts, and provide a platform so they
can explore possibilities for cooperation.
Lastbutnotleast,afurtheraimofthisbookistodocumentanddisseminatethe
wealth of experiences available today.
This book is divided into two parts:
(cid:129) Part 1 contains papers that describe the adaptation methods and approaches.
(cid:129) Part 2 entails institutional experiences on adaptation, as well as case studies,
examples of projects and of good practice
We thank the authors for their willingness to share their knowledge, know-how
and experiences, as well as the many peer reviewers, which have helped us to
ensure the quality of the manuscripts. Thanks are also due to Magdalena Salewski
for her valuable support for the manuscripts.
Enjoy your reading!
Hamburg, Germany Walter Leal Filho
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Belay Simane
Nairobi, Kenya Jokasha Kalangu
Harare, Zimbabwe Menas Wuta
Morogoro, Tanzania Pantaleo Munishi
Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe Kumbirai Musiyiwa
Winter/Spring 2017
Contents
Part I Adaptation Methods and Approaches
Convenient Solution for Convenient Truth: Adoption
of Soil and Water Conservation Measures for Climate
Change and Variability in Kuyu District, Ethiopia .... .... ..... .... 3
Abayineh Amare and Belay Simane
Between Climate Reliance and Climate Resilience: Empirical
Analysis of Climate Variability and Impact on Nigerian
Agricultural Production . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 15
Olawale Emmanuel Olayide and Isaac Kow Tetteh
Characterization of Present Day Climate Trend Over
Ethiopia for Impact Study ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 25
Tamene Mekonnen Adgeh
Adaptation Benefits of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices
in the Blue Nile Basin: Empirical Evidence from North-West
Ethiopia.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 45
Paulos Asrat and Belay Simane
Towards Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Urban
Land Use Planning and Management: The Case of Ambo Town,
Ethiopia.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 61
Gemechu Shale Ogato, Ketema Abebe, Amare Bantider
and Davide Geneletti
A Geographic Information System as Support to the Healthcare
Services of Nomadic Community, the Filtu Woreda Case Study... .... 87
Elena Isotta Cristofori, Anna Facello, Alessandro Demarchi,
Walther Camaro, Micol Fascendini and Alessia Villanucci
vii
viii Contents
Advancing theResilience of Rural People toClimateChange through
Indigenous Best Practices: Experience from Northern Nigeria .... .... 109
Michael W. Musa and Sulaiman Umar
Deriving Useful Information from Bimonthly Global-Scale Climate
Analysis for Climate Change Adaptation Over East Africa.. ..... .... 125
Isaac K. Tetteh, Nana K.A. Appiah-Badu, Fredrick H.M. Semazzi
and Olawale E. Olayide
Adaptation to Climate Change in Egyptian Marginal Environments
Through Sustainable Crop and Livestock Diversification:
A Case Study.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 141
Hassan M. El Shaer and A.J. Al Dakheel
Forestry and Resilience to Climate Change: A Synthesis on
Application of Forest-Based Adaptation Strategies to Reduce
Vulnerability Among Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa.. ..... .... 153
Vincent O. Oeba and Mahamane Larwanou
Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies to Climate
Change in Ethiopia. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 169
Belay Simane, Wakgari Deressa, Abera Kumie, Adugna Woyessa,
Mirgissa Kaba, Girma Taye and Getachew Berhane
Potential for Scaling up Climate Smart Agricultural Practices:
Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 185
Kindie Tesfaye, Menale Kassie, Jill E. Cairns, Misiko Michael,
Clare Stirling, Tsedeke Abate, B.M. Prasanna, Mulugetta Mekuria,
Habtamu Hailu, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Olaf Erenstein and Bruno Gerard
Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) as an Adaptation
Strategy in Burkina Faso and Mali. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 205
Kennedy Muthee, Cheikh Mbow, Geoffrey Macharia
and Walter Leal Filho
Building Adaptive Communities Through Integrated Programming:
CARE Ethiopia’s Experience with Climate Vulnerability
and Capacity Analysis (CVCA).... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 217
Alebachew Adem, Karl Deering and Samuel Molla
Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Crop Diseases
Incidence and Severity in Nigeria .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 235
Timothy Ipoola Olabiyi, Emmanuel Ayomide Afolabi,
Elizabeth Iyabo Adewole and Iyabo Olunike Omomowo
Contents ix
Part II Institutional Experiences on Adaptation, as well as Case
Studies, Examples of Projects and of Good Practice
A Synthesis of Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate
Change in Southern Africa: Averting Adaptation Vacuum.. ..... .... 247
Obert Jiri and Paramu Mafongoya
Farmers’ Livelihoods Vulnerability to Climate Variability and
Change in Didesa Basin Southern Part of Abay Basin, Ethiopia .. .... 267
Chala Dechassa, Belay Simane and Bamlaku Alamirew
Sustainable Urban Transport: Improving Mobility Conditions
for Vulnerable Road Users in Sub-Saharan Africa .... .... ..... .... 285
Elke Sumper and Marketa Barker
Influence of Climate Variables on Vector and Prevalence
of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Tselemti District,
North West Tigray, Ethiopia . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 303
Amdework Zekarias, Habtamu Taddele and Amanuel Zenebe
Promoting Climate Change Adaptation in Developing Countries:
The Urban Planning Opportunities in Resilience Building .. ..... .... 323
Davidson S.A. Alaci
Promoting Farmers’ Resilience to Climate Change:
An Option of the N’Dama Cattle in West Africa.. .... .... ..... .... 345
Olawale Festus Olaniyan and Modupe Orunmuyi
An Approach to Use Earth Observation Data as Support
to Water Management Issues in the Ethiopian Rift.... .... ..... .... 357
Sabrina Bonetto, Anna Facello, Elena Isotta Cristofori, Walther Camaro
and Alessando Demarchi
Climate Change Threatens Major Tourist Attractions
and Tourism in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.... .... ..... .... 375
Halima Kilungu, Rik Leemans, Pantaleo K.T. Munishi and Bas Amelung
Tools and Procedures for Seasonal Downscaling of Climate
Forecasts for Use by Farmers Over the Greater Horn of Africa:
A Case Study for Western Kenya .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 393
Jasper Batureine Mwesigwa, Gilbert Ongisa Ouma,
Jully Odhiambo Ouma, Ismael Mulama Lutta, Samuel Gathara Mwangi
and Laban Ayieko Ogallo
Adaptation Pathways for African Indigenous Vegetables’
Value Chains.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 413
Silke Stöber, Winifred Chepkoech, Susanne Neubert, Barnabas Kurgat,
Hillary Bett and Hermann Lotze-Campen