CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: AN ASIAN PERSPECTIVE COMMUNITY, ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT VOLUME 5 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: AN ASIAN PERSPECTIVE EDITED BY RAJIB SHAW Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan JUAN M. PULHIN Department of Social Forestry and Forest Governance, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Ban˜os, Philippines JOY JACQUELINE PEREIRA Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China EmeraldGroupPublishingLimited HowardHouse,WagonLane,BingleyBD161WA,UK Firstedition2010 Copyrightr2010EmeraldGroupPublishingLimited Reprintsandpermissionservice Contact:[email protected] Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,transmittedinany formorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisheroralicencepermitting restrictedcopyingissuedintheUKbyTheCopyrightLicensingAgencyandintheUSA byTheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Noresponsibilityisacceptedfortheaccuracyof informationcontainedinthetext,illustrationsoradvertisements.Theopinionsexpressed inthesechaptersarenotnecessarilythoseoftheEditororthepublisher. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-85724-485-7 ISSN:2040-7262(Series) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Howard House, Environmental Management System has been certified by ISOQAR to ISO 14001:2004 standards Awarded in recognition of Emerald’s production department’s adherence to quality systems and processes when preparing scholarly journals for print CONTENTS List of Contributors ix List of Editors xiii Brief Introduction to the Series xv Brief Introduction to the Volume xvii Preface xix Chapter 1 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: An Asian Perspective Rajib Shaw, Juan M. Pulhin and 1 Joy Jacqueline Pereira Chapter2 ImpactsofClimateChangeInducedHazardsand Adaptation Processes in Bangladesh: An Overview Tawhidul Islam, M. Aminur Rahman and 19 Fuad Mallick Chapter 3 Overview of Drought Risk Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh Umma Habiba, Yukiko Takeuchi and Rajib Shaw 37 Chapter 4 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Cambodia Huy Nguyen, Rajib Shaw and Prabhakar SVRK 59 Chapter 5 Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Chilika Lagoon Fisheries, India Shimpei Iwasaki and Rajib Shaw 81 v vi CONTENTS Chapter 6 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Experiences in Japan Yukiko Takeuchi and Rajib Shaw 105 Chapter 7 Forest Management as an Adaptation Option in Mountain Areas of Japan Kumiko Fujita and Rajib Shaw 127 Chapter 8 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Malaysian Approach Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Tan Ching Tiong and 147 Ibrahim Komoo Chapter 9 Climate Change Adaptation in Nepal: Issues and Strategies Jishnu Subedi 169 Chapter 10 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Pakistan Amir Nawaz Khan 197 Chapter 11 Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Initiatives and Challenges in the Philippines Juan M. Pulhin, Maricel A. Tapia and 217 Rosa T. Perez Chapter 12 Local Adaptation to Enhance Livelihood Assets and Build Resilience in Albay, Philippines Noralene Uy, Yukiko Takeuchi and Rajib Shaw 237 Chapter 13 Climate Change and Disaster Risks: The Singapore Response Bing Li and Vikram Rajola 261 Contents vii Chapter 14 Climate Change Adaptation and Agroforestry in Sri Lanka Rekha Nianthi 285 Chapter 15 Coastal Ecosystems and Climate Vulnerability in Sri Lanka Deepthi Wickramasinghe 307 Chapter 16 The Experiences of DRR through CCA in Taiwan Jet-Chau Wen, Shao-Yang Huang, 327 Chia-Chen Hsu and Kou-Chiang Chang Chapter 17 Water Insecurities and Climate Change Adaptation in Thailand Louis Lebel, Phimphakan Lebel and Rajesh Daniel 349 Chapter 18 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Vietnam Huy Nguyen and Rajib Shaw 373 Chapter 19 Local Vulnerability and Adaptation to Extreme Climate Events along the Central Coast of Vietnam Bui Duc Tinh, Tran Huu Tuan, Tran Phong, 393 Bui Dung The and Bui Thi Tam Chapter 20 Identifying Linkages Between Rates and Distributions of Malaria, Water-born Diseases and Influenza with Climate Variability and Climate Change in Vietnam Tran Mai Kien, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, 417 Hoang Duc Cuong and Rajib Shaw Chapter 21 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Key Challenges and Ways Forward Juan M. Pulhin, Rajib Shaw and Joy Jacqueline Pereira 451 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Kou-Chiang Chang Division Leader of Planning Division, Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China Hoang Duc Cuong Research Center for Meteorology and Climatology, National Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam Rajesh Daniel Unit for Social and Environmental Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Kumiko Fujita Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Umma Habiba Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Tran Thi Tuyet Department of Environmental Health, Hanoi Hanh School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam Chia-Chen Hsu Chief Leader, Research Center for Soil & Water Resources and Natural Disaster Prevention, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan, Republic of China Shao-Yang Huang Vice-ExecutiveSecretary,ResearchCenterfor Soil & Water Resources and Natural Disaster Prevention, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan, Republic of China Tawhidul Islam Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ix