Climate Change Adaptation Actions in Bangladesh

417 Pages·2013·6.65 MB·English

by  Rajib Shaw

Disaster Risk Reduction
Methods, Approaches and Practices
Rajib Shaw
Fuad Mallick
Aminul Islam
Editors
Climate Change
Adaptation
Actions in
Bangladesh
Disaster Risk Reduction
Methods, Approaches and Practices
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/11575
ABOUT THE SERIES
SCOPE OF THE SERIES
Disaster risk reduction is a process, which leads to the safety of community and nations.
After the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Japan, the Hyogo
Framework for Action [HFA] was adopted as a framework of risk reduction. The academic
research and higher education in disaster risk reduction has made/is making gradual shift
from pure basic research to applied, implementation oriented research. More emphasis is
given on the multi-stakeholder collaboration and multi-disciplinary research. Emerging
university networks in Asia, Europe, Africa and Americas have urged for the process-oriented
research in disaster risk reduction fi eld. Keeping this in mind, this new series will promote the
outputs of action research on disaster risk reduction, which will be useful for a wider range
of stakeholders including academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students and
researchers in the related fi eld. The series will focus on some of emerging needs in the risk
reduction fi eld, starting from climate change adaptation, urban ecosystem, coastal risk
reduction, education for sustainable development, community based practices, risk
communication, human security etc. Through academic review, this series will encourage
young researchers and practitioners to analyze fi eld practices, and link it to theory and
policies with logic, data and evidences. Thus, the series emphasizes evidence based risk
reduction methods, approaches and practices.
SERIES EDITOR
Rajib Shaw, Kyoto University, Japan
EDITORIAL ADVISORY GROUP
1. M s. Margareta Wahlstorm, Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United
Nations for the Disaster Risk Reduction, and head of UN ISDR (International Strategy
of Disaster Reduction), Geneva, Switzerland
2. Dr. Juha Uitto, Deputy Director, Evaluation Offi ce, UNDP (United Nations Development
Programme), NY, USA
3. Professor Kaoru Takara, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto
University, Kyoto, Japan
4. Professor Joy Jacquline Pereira, University Kebansan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia
5. Professor David Sanderson, Director, Centre for Development and Emergency Practice
(CENDEP), Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes
University, Oxford Brooks University, Oxford, UK
6. Dr. Anshu Sharma, Board Member, SEEDS India, Delhi, India
7. Professor Ailsa Holloway, Director, Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods
Programme, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
8. Professor Arnold Howitt, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA
9. Professor Fuad Mallick, Chair of Disaster Management Program, BRAC University,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
10. Professor Jayant K. Routray, Coordinator of Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and
Management Academic Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
Rajib Shaw • Fuad Mallick • Aminul Islam
Editors
Climate Change Adaptation
Actions in Bangladesh
Editors
Rajib Shaw Fuad Mallick
Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan Department of Architecture
BRAC University
Aminul Islam Dhaka , Bangladesh
Sustainable Development
United Nations Development
Programme [UNDP]
Dhaka , Bangladesh
ISSN 2196-4106 ISSN 2196-4114 (electronic)
ISBN 978-4-431-54248-3 ISBN 978-4-431-54249-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54249-0
Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013939616
© Springer Japan 2013
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Preface
Climate change is not a new topic; it is a phenomenon that has been occurring over
a period of years. However, the impacts of climate change have become more con-
spicuous in recent years due to compounded vulnerability—a function of several
factors including urbanization, migration, and population pressure, among others.
Climate change adaptation has received signifi cant attention over the past 7 or 8
years, and the need for adaptive actions is increasingly highlighted in international,
regional, and national forums.
Bangladesh has experienced severe impacts of climate change, especially in
coastal regions. Because of their chronic vulnerability, the communities in those
areas have developed innovative coping mechanisms for their lifestyles, habitats,
and livelihoods. These are evident in case studies and in good practices, set forth in
a diversity of documents.
For the last several years, the Comprehensive Disaster Management Program
and other environmental and climate-related initiatives have generated a signifi cant
knowledge pool, which often has not been linked to higher education. However,
several universities in Bangladesh have started master’s programs on climate change
adaptation and disaster risk reduction. There is an increasing demand for resources
that utilize fi eld-based knowledge and for linking those to the curriculum of the
master’s and diploma programs. With those facts in mind, this book is a modest
attempt to compile and analyze some of the existing practices on climate change
adaptation.
The contents of this book were developed through a consultation workshop with
different universities and related organizations over the past year. The book is one
of two volumes prepared for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
Thus, readers are encouraged to look at the contents of the other volume, titled
Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches of Bangladesh . The editors acknowledge the
support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Dhaka offi ce in
this regard. Several eminent authors were able to fulfi ll their commitments to make
contributions in spite of their busy schedules, and we are thankful to all of them. All
the statements and opinions in this book are those of the authors and editors, and do
not offi cially represent the organizations to which they belong.
v
vi Preface
This book is written for students and young researchers aspiring to a career in
environmental studies and/or disaster risk reduction. We hope that they will fi nd the
book useful and relevant to their work.
Kyoto, Japan Rajib Shaw
Dhaka, Bangladesh Fuad Mallick
Aminul Islam
Contents
Part I Climate Change Impacts
1 Climate Change: Global Perspectives .................................................. 3
Rajib Shaw, Fuad Mallick, and Aminul Islam
2 Climate Change Impacts, Scenario and Vulnerability
of Bangladesh ......................................................................................... 15
Ainun Nishat and Nandan Mukherjee
3 Sea Level Rise and Its Impacts in Coastal Areas
of Bangladesh ......................................................................................... 43
Ainun Nishat and Nandan Mukherjee
4 Urban Poverty, Climate Change and Health Risks
for Slum Dwellers in Bangladesh .......................................................... 51
Sabina Faiz Rashid, Showkat Gani, and Malabika Sarker
5 Integration of Climate Change Adaptation,
Disaster Risk Reduction and Social Protection in Bangladesh:
Contemporary Views and Experiences ................................................ 71
Aminul Islam and Abu Sumon
Part II Strategy and Action Plan
6 National Adaptation Programme of Action......................................... 93
Aminul Islam, Rajib Shaw, and Fuad Mallick
7 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plans.................... 107
Aminul Islam, Rajib Shaw, and Fuad Mallick
vii
viii Contents
Part III Socio-Economic Impacts
8 Multi Hazard Vulnerabilities of the Coastal Land
of Bangladesh ......................................................................................... 121
Md. Golam Mahabub Sarwar and Aminul Islam
9 Equity and Justice Issues for Climate Change Adaptation
in Water Resource Sector ...................................................................... 143
Shamsun N. Ahmed and Aminul Islam
10 Gender and Climate Change: Impacts and Coping Mechanisms
of Women and Special Vulnerable Groups .......................................... 165
Md. Anwarul Abedin, Umma Habiba, and Rajib Shaw
Part IV Adaptive Actions
11 Agriculture Adaptation in Haor Basin ................................................ 187
Abu Sumon and Aminul Islam
12 Agriculture Adaptation in Coastal Zone of Bangladesh .................... 207
Md. Anwarul Abedin and Rajib Shaw
13 Livelihood Adaptation in the Drought Prone
Areas of Bangladesh .............................................................................. 227
Umma Habiba, Abu Wali Raghib Hassan, and Rajib Shaw
14 Coastal Livelihood Adaptation in Changing Climate:
Bangladesh Experience of NAPA Priority
Project Implementation ......................................................................... 253
Mesbahul Alam, Ronju Ahammad, Paramesh Nandy,
and Shahinur Rahman
15 Coastal Ecosystem Based Adaptation: Bangladesh Experience ........ 277
Paramesh Nandy, Ronju Ahammad, Mesbahul Alam,
and Aminul Islam
16 Adaptation Technologies in Practice and Future Potentials
in Bangladesh ......................................................................................... 305
M. Mokhlesur Rahman and Aminul Islam
17 Habitat and Infrastructures: A Localized
Approach to Resilience .......................................................................... 331
Fuad Mallick
18 Community Based Adaptation: Theory and Practice ........................ 341
A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid and Mizan R. Khan
Contents ix
Part V Climate Change Governance
19 Bangladesh Climate Public Expenditure
and Institutional Review ........................................................................ 365
Mark O’Donnell, A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid, Paul Steele,
Merylyn Hedger, Joyce Lee, K.M. Nabiul Islam, Tawhidul Islam,
Rezai Karim Khondker, Siddiqur Rahman, Dipak Kumar Sarkar,
and Narayan Chandra Sinha
20 Planning “Exceptionalism”? Political Economy
of Climate Resilient Development in Bangladesh ............................... 387
Khurshid Alam, Thomas Tanner, Md. Shamsuddoha,
A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid, Moshahida Sultana,
Muhammad Jahedul Huq, Sumaiya S. Kabir, and Sifayet Ullah
About the Editors ........................................................................................... 419