CliffsNotes ACT Cram Plan

339 Pages·2009·12.67 MB·English

by  William Ma

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William Ma, Jane R. Burstein, and Nichole Vivion
About the Authors Acknowledgments
William Ma was chairman of the Math Department at the Herricks My wife, Mary, and my daughters, Janet and Karen, who gave me
School District on Long Island for many years before retiring. He much help in putting the book together. Kelly Henthorne for her
also taught as an adjunct math instructor at Baruch College, editorial assistance.
Columbia University, and Fordham University. He is the author of — William Ma
several books including two calculus review books, an SAT prep
book, and an on-line review course for the New York State’s Math I would like to thank my husband, David, and children, Jessica,
A Regents Exam. He is currently a math consultant. Jonathan, Beth, and Seth, for their encouragement and helpful
suggestions. Many thanks also to everyone at Herricks High School,
Jane Burstein taught English at Herricks High School in New Hyde especially to English teacher Barbara Hoffman and her students who
Park, NY, for 36 years. She is the author of an SAT prep book and were willing to write sample essays.
has been an ACT and SAT tutor for 25 years, an instructor at — Jane Burstein
Hofstra University, and a reader for AP exams.
Thanks to my friends and family for their ongoing support
Nichole Vivion is the author of CliffsNotes AP Biology Flashcards throughout the writing process.
and a contributor to CliffsNotes Test Success for AP Biology. She — Nichole Vivion
currently teaches upper school science courses in biology,
biotechnology, and public health at The Nightingale-Bamford
Editorial
school in New York City.
Acquisitions Editor: Greg Tubach
Project Editor: Kelly Dobbs Henthorne
Technical Editors: David Herzog, Scott Ryan
Composition
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ISBN: 978-0-470-47173-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009016229
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Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
An Overview of the Cram Plan for the ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi
General Test-taking Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi
Using a Graphing Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Format of the ACT Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Online Extras at CliffsNotes.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii
I. Diagnostic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Answer Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Section 1 English Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Section 2 Mathematics Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Section 3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Section 4 Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Section 5 Writing Assessment Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Scoring the Diagnostic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Answer Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Scoring Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
The Rubric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
II. Two-Month Cram Plan for the ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
III. One-Month Cram Plan for the ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
IV. One-Week Cram Plan for the ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
V. The English Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
A. Usage and Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
B. Important Terms to Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
C. Understanding Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
D. Grammar and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
E. Rhetoric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
VI. The Reading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
A. Overview of the ACT Reading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
B. General Strategies for the Reading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
C. Types of Reading Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
D. Practice Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
VII. Strategies for Solving ACT Math Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
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VIII. Applying Pre-Algebra Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
A. Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
B. Integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
C. Fractions and Decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
D. Absolute Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
E. Scientific Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
F. Exponents and Radicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
G. Percents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
H. Ratios and Proportions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
I. Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
J. Counting Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
K. Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
L. Mean, Median, and Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
M. Data Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
IX. Solving Elementary Algebra Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
A. Rational Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
B. Properties of Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
C. Factoring Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
D. Adding and Subtracting Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
E. Multiplying and Dividing Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
F. Quadratic Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
G. Word Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
X. Studying Intermediate Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
A. Algebraic Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
B. Algebraic Expressions Involving Absolute Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
C. Algebraic Expressions Involving Exponents and Radicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
D. Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
E. Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
F. Systems of Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
G. Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
H. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
I. Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
J. Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
K. Patterns and Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
L. Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
XI. Answering Coordinate Geometry Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
A. Points, Lines, and Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
B. Conic Sections and Other Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
C. Odd and Even Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
D. Graphing Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
E. Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
F. Parallel and Perpendicular Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
G. Midpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
H. Distance Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
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XII. Working with Plane Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
A. Measurement of Angles and Line segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
B. Properties of Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
C. Properties of Quadrilaterals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
D. Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
E. Areas and Perimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
F. Solids, Volumes, and Surface Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
G. Properties of Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
H. Concept of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
I. Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
XIII. Tackling Trigonometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
A. Trigonometry of the Right Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
B. Trigonometric Functions of Non-Acute Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
C. Laws of Sine and Cosine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
D. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
E. Trigonometric Identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
F. Solving Trigonometric Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
XIV. The Science Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
A. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
B. General Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
C. Types of Science Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
D. Visual Representations of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
XV. ACT Writing Assessment Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
A. Approach to the Essay: Thinking (2–3 minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
B. Approach to the Essay: Planning (2–3 minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
C. Approach to the Essay: Writing (18–22 minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
D. Proofread (2–3 minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
XVI. Full-Length Practice Test with Answer Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Format of the ACT Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Answer Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
Section 1 English Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Section 2 Mathematics Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
Section 3 Reading Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265
Section 4 Science Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276
Section 5 Writing Assessment Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297
Scoring the Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298
Answer Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300
Scoring Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314
Appendix A. Using a Graphing Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Appendix B. Common Math Formulas and Theorems for the ACT . . . . . 322
v
Introduction
Many juniors and seniors take the ACT as part of the college admissions process. By taking this test,
students give the admissions officers an objective standard that can be used to compare one student to other
students. Colleges use these scores, along with the high school transcripts, resumés of extracurricular
activities, letters of recommendation, and application essays as a guide to predict how well each individual
will do in college-level courses.
Now that you have decided to take this exam, you are ready to begin the preparation process. All you need
for success is some time and determination. Whether you have two months, one month, or one week, you
can achieve your goals if you are organized, hard-working, and willing to stick to the plan.
This guide introduces you to different sections of the test, gives you a schedule to help you plan your
preparation, and presents guided practice to help improve your English, mathematics, science, and reading
skills. For those students who are taking the Optional Writing Assessment, Chapter XV, “ACT Writing
Assessment,” covers writing strategies.
An Overview of the Cram Plan for the ACT
The ACT is not an intelligence test; it is an achievement test. This means that it tests your ability in four
content areas: English, mathematics, science, and reading (and writing if you opt for the Writing
Assessment). The best way to get ready for this test is to determine exactly how much time you have to
prepare and follow the appropriate plan: the two-month plan, the one-month plan, or the one-week plan.
Each plan has a schedule for you to follow along with the approximate time you will need to allot to each
task. In addition, each subject review chapter gives you strategies for that part of the test. Included in each
subject review chapter are practice exercises to assist you in the areas in which you are weakest and to help
you continue to maximize your strengths.
We suggest you begin by taking the Diagnostic Test. This will help you diagnose your areas of weakness:
those parts of the test on which you will need to focus your attention. The answer explanations will guide
you to the specific chapters that cover the topics in which you need the most help. After the Diagnostic Test,
you will find a scoring guide that will give you an indication of your current score on each section of the
ACT. Then you can begin to focus on the subject review chapters. After you have completed the review, you
can take the Practice Test, a full-length simulated ACT.
General Test-taking Strategies
■ Become familiar with the format of the test. If you know what to expect, you will be less nervous
and more confident the day of the test.
■ Work at a steady pace. You do not have the time to get bogged down on any one question. If you
are having difficulty with a question, take your best educated guess and move on. The Diagnostic Test
and the Practice Test will help you learn to pace yourself properly.
vi
Table of Contents
■ Use this book to familiarize yourself with the directions to each section of the test.
Knowing the directions to each section ahead of time will save you precious minutes on
the day of the test.
■ Read each question very carefully and be sure you know exactly what it asks. Many
questions require you to note very specific details. Watch for signal words like most,
seldom, highest, and lowest.
ther
■ Always read all the answers carefully, and use POE (Process of Elimination) to
narrow down the choices.
ual
■ Use the answer choices to help you when you are unsure. On any multiple-choice
test, the answer is always right there in front of you.
eed ■ If you take the Writing Assessment, read the prompt carefully and be sure to address
u the issue as it is presented.
■ Be sure you are bubbling in the answers in the correct circle on your answer sheet.
Check yourself every 5 questions.
ing ■ Bring everything you will need with you the day of the test: sharpened number 2
pencils with good erasers, calculator, and tissues. It is a good idea to bring your own
watch; you cannot be sure you will have a visible clock in the testing room. Don’t
forget to have your admission ticket and photo ID with you.
■ There is no guessing penalty on the ACT. Answer EVERY question. Make sure you
have filled in only one circle for each question. Carefully erase any changed answers.
Using a Graphing Calculator
n. All questions in the math portion of the ACT can be solved without a calculator;
however, using a calculator, particularly a graphing calculator, can help solve a
h
problem faster and avoid making careless errors. In this book, every question that
ch
can be solved with the help of a graphing calculator is indicated by a calculator icon.
elp
However, this icon does not appear on the actual ACT exam. A special section on how to use
a graphing calculator to solve some of the ACT math questions is included in Appendix A.
:
Please note that some calculators are not permitted on the ACT Math Test, for example,
e
TI-89, TI-92, TI-Nspire CAS, HP 48GII, Algebra fx 2.0, and ClassPad 300. To see the latest
Test,
updated list of calculators permitted on the ACT Math Test, visit www.actstudent.org or call
800-498-6841 for a recorded message.
you
Format of the ACT Test
The ACT is a multiple-choice test comprised of 4 sections and one optional Writing Assessment
(the essay). Section 1, the English Test, contains 75 questions on grammar, usage, and rhetoric.
us
Section 2, the Mathematics Test, is comprised of questions on pre-algebra, elementary algebra,
intermediate algebra, coordinate geometry, plane geometry, and trigonometry. Section 3,
ou the Reading Test, is comprised of four passages taken from different content areas including
Test fiction, the social sciences, the humanities, and the natural sciences. Section 4, the Science
vii
CliffsNotes ACT Cram Plan
Test, covers the application of science reasoning in biology, chemistry, earth/space sciences,
and physics. The Writing Assessment, a persuasive essay in response to a specific prompt, is
given after the first 4 sections. The multiple-choice test alone takes 2 hours and 55 minutes;
the essay takes an additional 30 minutes.
Test # of Questions # of Minutes
English 75 45
Mathematics 60 60
Reading 40 35
Science 40 35
Optional Writing Assessment 1 30
Online Extras at CliffsNotes.com
As an added bonus to this CliffsNotes ACT Cram Plan, you can get some additional practice
by visiting www.cliffsnotes.com/go/ACTCram. There, you'll find:
■ Sample ACT English Test Reading Passage
■ Suggested ACT Math Approaches with Samples
■ Sample ACT Reading Test Passage with Questions and Answer Explanations
■ And more!
viii