Clausewitz’s timeless trinity military strategy and Operational art edited by Professor Howard m. Hensel, air war College, usa the ashgate series on military strategy and Operational art analyzes and assesses the synergistic interrelationship between joint and combined military operations, national military strategy, grand strategy, and national political objectives in peacetime, as well as during periods of armed conflict. In doing so, the series highlights how various patterns of civil–military relations, as well as styles of political and military leadership influence the outcome of armed conflicts. In addition, the series highlights both the advantages and challenges associated with the joint and combined use of military forces involved in humanitarian relief, nation building, and peacekeeping operations, as well as across the spectrum of conflict extending from limited conflicts fought for limited political objectives to total war fought for unlimited objectives. Finally, the series highlights the complexity and challenges associated with insurgency and counter-insurgency operations, as well as conventional operations and operations involving the possible use of weapons of mass destruction. also in this series: British Generals in Blair’s Wars edited by Jonathan Bailey, richard iron and Hew strachan isBn 978 1 4094 3735 2 Britain and the War on Terror Policy, Strategy and Operations warren Chin isBn 978 0 7546 7780 2 Confrontation, Strategy and War Termination Britain’s Conflict with Indonesia Christopher tuck isBn 978 1 4094 4630 9 Joining the Fray Outside Military Intervention in Civil Wars zachary C. shirkey isBn 978 1 4094 2892 3 Russian Civil-Military Relations robert Brannon isBn 978 0 7546 7591 4 Clausewitz’s timeless trinity a Framework For modern war COlin m. Fleming University of Edinburgh, UK © Colin m. Fleming 2013 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Colin m. Fleming has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. Published by ashgate Publishing limited ashgate Publishing Company wey Court east 110 Cherry street union road suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, Vt 05401-3818 surrey, gu9 7Pt usa england www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Fleming, Colin m. Clausewitz’s timeless trinity : a framework for modern war / by Colin m. Fleming. pages cm. -- (military strategy and operational art) includes bibliographical references and index. isBn 978-1-4094-4287-5 (hardback) -- isBn 978-1-4094-4288-2 (ebook) -- isBn 978-1-4094-7398-5 (epub) 1. Clausewitz, Carl von, 1780-1831. Vom Kriege 2. military art and science--Case studies. 3. yugoslav war, 1991-1995. i. title. u102.C6643F54 2013 355.02--dc23 2013014530 isBn 9781409442875 (hbk) isBn 9781409442882 (ebk – PDF) isBn 9781409473985 (ebk – ePuB) III To my lovely wife, Clairey This page has been left blank intentionally Contents Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1 Clausewitz’s Enduring Legacy: Inspiration, and Methodology 25 2 Clausewitz and the Tale of Two Trinities 49 3 Hostility 79 4 ‘Chance and Uncertainty’ 111 5 Policy 139 Conclusion 171 Bibliography 195 Index 205 This page has been left blank intentionally Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Max Weber Programme at the European University Institute (EUI) for providing me with the intellectual stimulation and support while writing this book. There are numerous people who also I need to thank. I am especially grateful to Pascal Vennesson for providing me with the opportunity to present and gain feedback from his class at the EUI. I would also like to take the opportunity to thank my own students at Edinburgh University, to whom I presented my ideas. Their thoughts and comments have added to my own insights into Clausewitz and have made me reflect on my key arguments in this book. There are several other people I need to thank and who at different times have either proofread or provided ideas to my work. In particular, I would like to thank Michael Williams, Steven Haines, Mikkel Vedby Rasmussen and Christopher Coker; as well as David Barnes at the European University Institute, whose input was invaluable. Thank you also to Jim Wyllie, who has provided me with greatly appreciated support, as well as the time taken to read earlier drafts of this work. Lastly, I owe a special thank you to my wife, Claire, brother, Malcolm, dad, Jim, and mother, Margaret, and my good friend Lachie Nicolson, all of whom now know a great more about Clausewitz than they ever thought they would.