Classical Theories of International Relations

279 Pages·1996·27.566 MB·English

by  Ian Clark, Iver B. Neumann (eds.)

CLASSICAL THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS
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Classical Theories of
International Relations
Edited by
Ian Clark
Department of International Politics
University of Wales
Aberystwyth
and
lver B. Neumann
Head of Foreign and Security Policy
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Oslo
in association with
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Published in Great Britain by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-24781-3 ISBN 978-1-349-24779-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-24779-0
Published in the United States of America by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-15931-3clothbound
ISBN 978-0-312-21926-0paperback
Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:
Classical theories of international relations I edited by Ian Clark
and Iver B. Neumann.
p. em.-(St. Antony's)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-15931-3(cloth)
1. International relations-Philosophy. I. Clark, Ian, 1949-
11. Neumann, Iver B.
JX1395.C54 1996
327.1'01-dc20 95-51279
CIP
Selection and editorial matter© Ian Clark and Iver B. Neumann 1996
Chapters 1-12 inclusive© Macmillan Press Ltd 1996
First edition 1996
Reprinted 1997, 1999
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
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accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99
Contents
Foreword vii
Notes on the Contributors viii
2 Traditions of Thought and Classical Theories of
International Relations 2
Jan Clark
2 Hobbes, the State of Nature and the Laws of Nature 20
Cornelia Navari
3 Grotius, Law and Moral Scepticism: Theory and
Practice in the Thought of Hedley Bull 42
Benedict Kingsbury
4 Kant: Theorist beyond Limits 71
Howard Williams and Ken Booth
5 Vitoria and the Universalist Conception of
International Relations 99
Martin C. Ortega
6 Desperately Clinging to Grotian and Kantian
Sheep: Rousseau's Attempted Escape from the
State of War 120
David P. Fidler
7 Adam Smith and the Liberal Tradition in
International Relations 142
Andrew Walter
8 Edmund Burke and the Commonwealth of
Europe: The Cultural Bases of International Order 173
Jennifer M. Welsh
9 Hegel, the State and International Relations 193
Andrew Linklater
10 Friedrich Gentz, Rationalism and the Balance of Power 210
Richard Little
11 Vattel: Pluralism and its Limits 233
Andrew Hurrell
v
vi Contents
12 Conclusion 256
Ian Clark and Iver B. Neumann
Index 263
Foreword
During his time at Oxford University, 1986--89, John Vincent offered a
course on classical theories in international relations which his students
tended to see as the perfect forum for what he himself always referred to
as the conversation about international relations. When his own spoken
part in this conversation was cut short by his much too early death in
1990, it struck me that one way of continuing the conversation would be to
fashion a book around his course syllabus. On the bus back to St Antony's
College from a commemorative service in his honour held by the LSE
I mentioned this to another of his former students, Geoffrey Wiseman.
Together we contacted a number of John's students and colleagues. The
current volume has grown and developed from this original idea.
First drafts were presented at a panel organised by Timothy Dunne at
the British International Studies Association's annual conference in
Swansea, January 1992. At this time Geoffrey Wiseman had to withdraw
from the project due to other commitments, and Ian Clark kindly stepped
in as co-editor.
A number of other people have offered advice and assistance along the
way. The editors are grateful to the many people who have played a part in
bringing the project to fruition. It is hoped that, in its small way, it will
stand as another tribute to John Vincent's powerful influence upon all who
had the good fortune to encounter him.
Iver B. Neumann
Oslo
vii
Notes on the Contributors
Ken Booth holds a personal chair in the Department of International
Politics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has been Scholar-in
Residence at the US Naval War College, Senior Research Fellow in the
Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, Canada, and
Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, Cambridge. His books are Contemporary
Strategy: Theories and Policies (co-author), Navies and Foreign Policy,
Soviet Naval Policy: Objectives and Constraints (co-editor), American
Thinking about Peace and War (co-editor), New Thinking about Strategy
and International Security (editor) and International Relations Theory
Today (co-editor). His latest book, edited with Steve Smith and Marysia
Zalewski, is International Theory: Positivism and Beyond.
Ian Clark is a Professor of International Politics in the University of
Wales, Aberystwyth. Previously, he was Deputy Director of the Centre of
International Studies, University of Cambridge. Since 1996, he has also
been an annual Visiting Professor in the Graduate School of Economics
and International Relations, Catholic University of Milan. His many publ
ications include Limited Nuclear War (1982), Waging War: A
Philosophical Introduction (1988), The Hierarchy of States (1989), The
British Origins of Nuclear Strategy (co-author) ( 1989) and Nuclear
Diplomacy and the Special Relationship: Britain's Deterrent and America
(1994). His most recent work is Globalization and Fragmentation:
International Relations in the Twentieth Century (1997).
David P. Fidler is Associate Professor of Law at Indiana University
School of Law, Bloomington. He is co-editor with Stanley Hoffmann of
Rousseau on International Relations ( 1991 ). Many of his articles combine
international relations theory and international law, including 'Caught
Between Traditions: The Security Council in Philosophical Conundrum',
Michigan Journal of International Law (1996), 'Challenging the Classical
Concept of Custom: Perspectives on the Future of Customary International
Law', German Yearbook of International Law (1996), and 'LIBERT AD v.
Liberal Theory: An Analysis of the Helms-Burton Act from within
Liberal International Relations Theory', Indiana Journal of Global Legal
Studies (1997). His forthcoming book International Law and Infectious
Diseases will be published by Oxford University Press.
Vlll
Notes on the Contributors ix
Andrew Hurrell is University Lecturer in International Relations and
Fellow of Nuffield College. He is currently Director of Graduate Studies
in International Relations at Oxford University. His major interests include
international relations theory and the international relations of Latin
America, with particular reference to the foreign policy of Brazil and
US-Latin American relations. His publications include The International
Politics of the Environment (co-editor with Benedict Kingsbury) (1992),
and Regionalism in World Politics (co-editor with Louise Fawcett) (1995).
He is currently completing a research project on Dimensions of Inequality
in World Politics.
Benedict Kingsbury is Professor of Law at New York University Law
School. Previously he was Professor of Law at Duke University and
University Lecturer in Law at Oxford University. His publications include
Hugo Grotius and International Relations (ed. with Hedley Bull and
Adam Roberts, 1990), The International Politics of the Environment (ed.
with Andrew Hurrell, 1992) and United Nations, Divided World (2nd edn,
ed. with Adam Roberts, 1993). A New Zealand citizen, he specialises in
international law and human rights, and writes also on the connections
between international law and international relations.
Andrew Linklater is Professor of International Relations at Keele
University and Dean of Postgraduate Affairs. He has published Men and
Citizens in the Theory of International Relations (1982, 1990), Beyond
Realism and Marxism: Critical Theory and International Relations (1990)
and The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of
the Post-Westphalian Era (1998). Current research interests include the
relationship between critical theory and the English school.
Richard Little is Professor of International Politics in the Department of
Politics at the University of Bristol. Before moving to Bristol, he taught at
the Open University and Lancaster University. His recent publications
include Perspectives on World Politics, co-edited with Michael Smith, and
The Logic of Anarchy, co-authored with Barry Buzan and Charles Jones.
Cornelia Navari is Senior Lecturer and Director of the Graduate School
of the Department of Political Science and International Studies at the
University of Birmingham. She has edited The Condition of States (1991)
and Chatham House and British Foreign Policy during the Interwar
Period (1994). Her work on the history of thought includes 'Hobbes and
the Hobbesian Tradition in international Thought', Millennium: Journal of