Classical Mythology, 7th Edition PDF
Preview Classical Mythology, 7th Edition
CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION MARK P. O. MORFORD University of Virginia, Emeritus ROBERT J. LENARDON The Ohio State University, Emeritus NEW YORK OXFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2003 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Ghennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sâo Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and an associated company in Berlin Copyright © 2003 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York, IOO16 http://www.oup-usa.org Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data Morford, Mark P. O., 1929- Classical mythology / Mark P.O. Morford, Robert J. Lenardon—7th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN O-19-515344-8 (alk. paper) I. Mythology, Classical. I. Lenardon, Robert J., 1928- II. Title. BL723 .M67 2003 292.l'3—dc2I 2002025270 Printing number: 9876543 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Dedicated to the memory of WILLIAM ROBERT JONES teacher, scholar, and friend CONTENTS PLATES, MAPS, AND FIGURES ix PREFACE xiii ABOUT THE AUTHORS xvii PART ONE THE MYTHS OF CREATION: THE GODS 1 Interpretation and Definition of Classical Mythology 3 Appendix to Chapter I: Sources for Classical Mythology 26 2 Historical Background of Greek Mythology 39 3 Myths of Creation 51 Additional Reading: Hesiod and the Muses (Theogony, I—115) 71 4 Zeus' Rise to Power: The Creation of Mortals 76 Additional Reading: Parallels in Myths of Greece and the Ancient Near East 98 5 The Twelve Olympians: Zeus, Hera, and Their Children 108 6 The Nature of the Gods 128 7 Poseidon, Sea Deities, Group Divinities, and Monsters 147 8 Athena 157 9 Aphrodite and Eros 171 10 Artemis 200 Additional Reading: Selections from Euripides' Hippolytus 212 11 Apollo 226 Additional Reading: The Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo 246 12 Hermes 257 13 Dionysus, Pan, Echo, and Narcissus 274 14 Demeter and the Eleusinian Mysteries 307 15 Views of the Afterlife: The Realm of Hades 328 16 Orpheus and Orphism: Mystery Religions in Roman Times 354 vii Vlll CONTENTS PART TWO THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LEGENDS 17 The Theban Saga 375 18 The Mycenaean Saga 4.04 Additional Reading: Orestes and the Three Electras 416 19 The Trojan Saga and the Iliad 436 20 The Returns and the Odyssey 482 21 Perseus and the Legends of Argos 505 22 Heracles 519 23 Theseus and the Legends of Attica 54& 24 Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts 573 Additional Reading: Jason and Medea in Euripides 589 25 Myths of Local Heroes and Heroines 602 PART THREE THE NATURE OF ROMAN MYTHOLOGY 26 Roman Mythology and Saga 623 PART FOUR THE SURVIVAL OF CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY 27 Classical Mythology in Literature and Art 667 28 Classical Mythology in Music, Dance, and Film 705 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 763 GLOSSARY OF MYTHOLOGICAL WORDS AND PHRASES IN ENGLISH 764 THE GREEK SPELLING OF NAMES yy6 INDEXES I-I A. INDEX OF AUTHORS, COMPOSERS, AND TITLES I-I B. GLOSSARY/INDEX OF MYTHOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSONS, PLACES, AND SUBJECTS I-14
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