Classical criminology

1168 Pages·2017·15.85 MB·English

by  Tim Newburn

“This book, now in its third edition, is still unsurpassed in terms of its depth, breadth
and coverage for new undergraduate Criminology students. The addition of a chapter
on politics and crime does what so few textbooks manage to do – locate criminology
within its historical, social and political context. The live Twitter feed and Facebook
page will complement the author’s already well established position as the ‘go to’
criminologist on social media.”
—Dr Sarah Charman, University of Portsmouth
“Criminology is by far the best, most comprehensive and authoritative textbook avail-
able. The third edition provides updated material on recent developments and an
invaluable new chapter on the politics of crime control. The clarity of the writing,
the breadth and depth of coverage, the links to further reading and to other relevant
resources all make this a perfectly balanced introduction to the subject.”
—Professor George Mair, Liverpool Hope University
“Comprehensive in its coverage and written in a manner that is accessible to all
students, the third edition of Criminology underlines why it is the undergraduate
textbook. The classic sections have been complemented by new chapters that help
students understand how crime control does not take place in a vacuum (The Politics
of Crime and its Control), as well as encouraging students to think critically about
the crime information we consume (Crime Data and Crime Trends). The most valu-
able aspect of the text is how core research methods concepts are provided in the
same books as criminological content, which helps students to see, and understand,
the crucial link between theory and research. Without doubt, this textbook provides
the starting point for any criminological discussion.”
—Dr Vicky Heap, Sheffield Hallam University
“This is the most comprehensive, detailed and clearly structured introduction to
Criminology and Criminal Justice on the market. It has already become to go-to text-
book for Criminology undergraduates, and with the addition of new material tackling
the leading-edge debates shaping the fi eld today, Tim Newburn has managed in this
3rd Edition to raise the bar even further. Just about every conceivable criminological
concept, theory, method and approach is contextualised, outlined and evaluated.
With extensive reading lists, smart discussion and revision questions, and a dynamic
website, this textbook is a must for students of Criminology and Criminal Justice.”
—Professor Chris Greer, City University London
“Tim Newburn’s Criminology continues to be a valuable resource to students seeking
to engage with the capacious fi eld that is criminology. The revised chapter on the
politics of crime provides a neat, nuanced account of the politics of crime control
over the past 50 years. In conjunction with the chapters on late modernity and penol-
ogy (to take one set of examples), it will equip the inquisitive student with the tools
with which to dive further into the murky depths of the politics of criminal justice.
An enjoyable, engaging and authoritative text.”
—Dr Harry Annison, Lecturer in Criminal Law and
Criminology, University of Southampton
“Newburn’s Criminology is already an indispensable text for students trying to navi-
gate and make sense of the diverse and fast changing fi eld of criminological scholar-
ship. This updated edition builds on the strengths of the fi rst two. There are few texts
on the market, if any, which balance comprehensive coverage and accessibility as
well as this one.”
—Professor Katja Franko, University of Oslo
Criminology
Comprehensive and accessible, Tim Newburn’s bestselling Criminology provides an
introduction to the fundamental themes, concepts, theories, methods and events
that underpin the subject and form the basis for all undergraduate degree courses and
modules in Criminology and Criminal Justice.
This third edition includes:
(cid:79) A new chapter on politics, refl ecting the ever increasing coverage of political infl u-
ence and decision-making on criminology courses.
(cid:79) New and updated crime data and analysis of trends, plus new content on recent
events such as the Volkswagen scandal, the latest developments on historic child
abuse, as well as extended coverage throughout of the English riots.
(cid:79) A fully revised and updated companion website, including exam, review and mul-
tiple choice questions, a live Twitter feed from the author providing links to media
and academic coverage of events related to the concepts covered in the book,
together with links to a dedicated textbook Facebook page.
Fully updated to refl ect recent developments in the fi eld and extensively illustrated,
this authoritative text, written by a leading criminologist and experienced lecturer, is
essential reading for all students of Criminology and related fi elds.
Tim Newburn is Professor of Criminology and Social Policy at the London School of
Economics. He is the author or editor of over 35 books, including: P ermission and Regula-
tion: Law and Morals in Post-War Britain ( Routledge, 1991); The Future of Policing ( with Rod
Morgan, 1997); P rivate Security and Public Policing ( with Trevor Jones, 1998); Policy Trans-
fer and Criminal Justice (with Trevor Jones, 2007); Handbook of Policing (2008); K ey Read-
ings in Criminology ( 2009) and the S age Handbook of Criminological Theory ( with Eugene
McLaughlin, 2010). Tim Newburn is currently writing the ‘Offi cial History of Criminal
Justice’ with David Downes and Paul Rock, and continues to work (with Andrew Ward)
on a book entitled O rderly Britain: How We Solve Our Everyday Problems from Dog Mess to
Double Parking .

Criminology
Third edition
Tim Newburn
First published 2007
by Willan
Second edition published 2013
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Third edition published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 Tim Newburn
The right of T. Newburn to be identifi ed as author of this work has been
asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Newburn, Tim, author.
Title: Criminology / Tim Newburn.
Description: 3rd Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Revised edition
of the author’s Criminology, 2012.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2016023993 | ISBN 9781138643130 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781138643123
(hardback) | ISBN 9781315629513 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Criminology.
Classifi cation: LCC HV6025 .N494 2017 | DDC 364—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016023993
ISBN: 978-1-138-64312-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-64313-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-62951-3 (ebk)
Typeset in ITC Stone Serif
by Apex CoVantage LLC
Contents
Detailed contents ix
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xx
Acronyms xxi
Part 1 Understanding crime and criminology 1
1 Understanding crime and criminology 3
2 Crime and punishment in history 15
3 Crime data and crime trends 43
4 Crime and the media 77
5 The politics of crime and its control 107
Part 2 Understanding crime: theories and concepts 121
6 Classicism and positivism 123
7 Biological positivism 143
8 Psychological positivism 159
9 Durkheim, anomie and strain 181
10 The Chicago School, subcultures and cultural criminology 199
11 Interactionism and labelling theory 227
12 Control theories 245
13 Radical and critical criminology 263
14 Realist criminology 281
15 Contemporary classicism 297
16 Feminist criminology 319
17 Late modernity, governmentality and risk 341
Part 3 Understanding crime: types and trends 363
18 Victims, victimisation and victimology 365
19 White-collar and corporate crime 397
20 Organised crime 431
21 Violent and property crime 463
22 Drugs and alcohol 513
viii Contents
Part 4 Understanding criminal justice 547
23 Penology and punishment 549
24 Understanding criminal justice 575
25 Crime prevention and community safety 599
26 Policing 635
27 Criminal courts and the court process 677
28 Sentencing and non-custodial penalties 701
29 Prisons and imprisonment 729
30 Youth crime and youth justice 765
31 Restorative justice 803
Part 5 Critical issues in criminology 831
32 Race, crime and criminal justice 833
33 Gender, crime and justice 869
34 Criminal and forensic psychology 903
35 Green criminology 941
36 Globalisation, terrorism and human rights 963
Part 6 Doing criminology 991
37 Understanding criminological research 993
38 Doing criminological research 1019
Publisher’s acknowledgements 1037
Glossary 1051
Bibliography 1059
Index 1121
Detailed contents
Part 1 Understanding crime Victimisation surveys 56
and criminology 1 The Crime Survey for England
and Wales 56
Local crime surveys 60
1 Understanding crime and criminology 3
Other victimisation surveys 61
What is criminology? 4
Assessing victimisation surveys 62
An interdisciplinary subject 5
Comparing offi cial statistics and
Defi ning criminology 5
victimisation surveys 63
Understanding crime 6
Crime trends 64
Crime and the criminal law 8
Data on offenders 71
Crime as a social construct 8
Self-report studies 72
Historical variation 9
Assessing the self-report method 73
Criminology in Britain 11
Questions for further discussion 74
Further reading 13
Further reading 75
Websites 75
2 Crime and punishment in history 15
Introduction 16 4 Crime and the media 77
Emergence of a modern criminal Introduction 78
justice system 16 Academic study of the media 79
Policing 17 Media representations of crime 79
The ‘new police’ 19 Newsworthiness 79
Resistance and reform 20 The crime content in the media 80
Into the twentieth century 23 Violent crime in the news 81
The victim and prosecution 24 Are the media criminogenic? 84
Formalisation of the prosecution Media effects 87
process 24 Media and fear of crime 88
The courts 26 Moral panics 89
Decline of the profi t motive 27 Mods and rockers 91
Punishment 29 Drug use and deviancy amplifi cation 92
Capital punishment 29 Mugging 94
Transportation 31 Criticisms of moral panic theory 95
Imprisonment 32 Policing and the media 96
Probation 35 The relationship between the
Crime and violence in history 37 police and the media 96
Levels of crime 37 The representation of policing 98
Perceptions of crime 38 Crime and the internet 101
Questions for further discussion 41 Policing cybercrime 103
Further reading 41 Representing terror 103
Websites 41 Questions for further discussion 105
Further reading 105
3 Crime data and crime trends 43
Websites 105
Introduction 44
5 The politics of crime and its control 107
Measuring crime 45
Offi cial statistics 45 Introduction 108
England and Wales: C riminal Statistics 46 The advent of ‘penal welfarism’ 108
United States: U niform Crime Reports 46 End of the fi rst bipartisan consensus 109
Assessing offi cial statistics 47 Managerialism 110
Impact of legislation 49 Centralisation 110
Understanding ‘attrition’ 50 The politics of crime and punishment
Limitations of offi cial statistics 54 in the USA 111