Classic Papers in Geriatric Medicine with Current Commentaries PDF
Preview Classic Papers in Geriatric Medicine with Current Commentaries
Classic Papers in Geriatric Medicine with Current Commentaries Aging Medicine Robert J. Pignolo, MD, PhD; Mary Ann Forciea, MD; Jerry C. Johnson, MD, Series Editors Age-Related Changes of the Human Eye, edited by Carlo A. Cavallotti and Luciano Cerrulli,2008 Classic Papers in Geriatric Medicine with Current Commentaries, edited by Robert J. Pignolo, Monica K. Crane, and Mary Ann Forciea, 2008 Eldercare Technology for Clinical Practitioners, edited by Robin Felder and Majd Alwan, 2008 Handbook of Pain Relief in Older Adults: An Evidence Based Approach, edited by Michael F. Gloth, 2004 Classic Papers in Geriatric Medicine with Current Commentaries Edited by Robert 1. Pignolo, MD, PhD Division ofGeriatric Medicine University ofPennsylvania School ofMedicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Monica K. Crane, MD Geriatric Medicine, Memory Health Clinic Carolina Health Care System Charlotte, North Carolina, USA Mary Ann Forciea, MD Division ofGeriatric Medicine University ofPennsylvania Health System Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Editors Robert1.Pignolo,MD,PhD Monica K.Crane, MD Assistant ProfessorofMedicine Medical Director Division of Geriatric Medicine GeriatricMedicine University of Pennsylvania Memory Health Clinic School of Medicine AttendingSenior Health Connection Philadelphia,PA CarolinaHealth Care System USA Charlotte,NC USA MaryAnn Forciea, MD ClinicalAssociate ProfessorofMedicine Division of GeriatricMedicine University ofPennsylvania Health System Philadelphia,PA USA Series Editors Robert1.Pignolo,MD,PhD MaryAnn Forciea, MD Assistant Professorof Medicine ClinicalAssociate ProfessorofMedicine Division of GeriatricMedicine Division ofGeriatricMedicine University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Health School of Medicine System Philadelphia,PA Philadelphia,PA USA USA Jerry C.Johnson, MD Professor and Chief,GeriatricMedicine Division University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia,PA USA ISBN:978-1-58829-998-7 e-ISBN:978-1-59745-428-5 001:10.1007/978-1-59745-428-5 LibraryofCongressControl Number:2007941270 ©2008Humana Press,apartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC All rights reserved.This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208,Totowa, NJ07512USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval,electronicadaptation,computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use inthis publicationof trade names, trademarks,service marks, and similarterms,even if they are not identified assuch, isnot to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whetheror not they arc subjectto proprietaryrights. While the advice and information inthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibilityfor any errors or omissionsthat may be made.The publishermakes no warranty, expressor implied, withrespectto the materialcontainedherein. Printedon acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Preface: What Makes a Classic? Classic Papers in Geriatric Medicine with Current Commentaries "Who said so?" "Why do we do that?" Just as in life, an awareness of our "ancestry" in the form of landmark papers and observations that guide our practice and thinking givesusafoundation and abaseforfurther inquiry. The field of geriatrics is a relative newcomer as an organized specialty, but its foundations are rooted in the classicpapers ofearly descriptions ofagingand age-related diseases, as well as in more recent studies on the physiologic mechanisms and possible clinical interventions in these often-chronic pro cesses.Easy accesstothose landmarkpaperscanhelp usinour ownreflections on our clinical practices, in achieving a more thorough understanding of the backgroundofresearch,and inteachingthe richness ofour intellectualhistory for our trainees and students. In this book, the editors focus on the clinical discipline of geriatric medicine and some of the classic papers that have changed the waywe think about and practice the care of elderly people. In choosing the "classic" papers, we have used a combination of expert opinion and objective assessment. In most cases, these criteria were inagree ment, but in some cases they were not, nor were they alwaysexpected to be. For example, it would be difficult to assign an impact factor to the original description of an age-related disease, but certainly there can be no doubt of itshistoric importance. Similarly, papers that have shown a clinicalimpact on patient care are surely at least as well read, if not more, by practitioners as researchers who continue to work in the field;and yet there islittle objective means toquantitatethiseffect.The 15areaschosenforinclusioninthisvolume represent the beginnings ofpractice and thoughts about the best waysto care for older patients. Many other contributions fell victim to space limitations. We have often chosen early or representative examples ofpapersthat have substantially contributed to care of the aged. We have selected papers in disease-specific areas (dementia),health systems (home care),and education. In general, despite the plethora of review articles in geriatric medicine, and also accepting that some of these papers represent clear and compelling thought in the field, we have chosen to exclude review articles, preferring primary source material wherever possible.The exceptions are those papers that have contributed sentinel ideas and hypotheses on which current work is so closely based;for example, Finucane's summary of evidence of the utility of tube feeding in patients with dementia. Each paper isintroduced by a commentary. These commentaries describe the singular contributionsofthe chosen paper,giveashortlistofotherimpor tant early papers in that area,and, in many cases, reflect on progress in that particular field. The commentaries are personal statements by the authors v vi Preface: What Makes a Classic? about the influence of the papers chosen;the commentaries are not meant to be exhaustive reviews of the clinicalarea in question. An accepted measure ofthe importance ofa paperisitsability to retain its impact overtime.Whilemanyofthe classicpapersinthiscollectionhavestood the test of time, others have gained classicstatus by virtue of their profound influence in relatively quick measure or because of timeliness in fillinga void in knowledge. Clinical impact, citation frequency, historical value, timeliness or timelessness-these are the attributes that we assign these landmark papers in geriatrics. We hope that their rediscovery or first-time reading will sur prise and motivate the reader to continue the clinicaland research endeavors undoubtedly induced by these classicsin their original readers. RobertJ. Pignolo, MD, PhD Monica K. Crane, MD Mary Ann Forciea, MD Acknowledgments We thank Yamina Hayman-Pratt for her technical help in putting the manu script for this book together. We appreciate the supportfor this projectgiven tousfrom RichardLansingofHumanaPress.Weespeciallythankourfamilies for their encouragement throughout the writing and editing process. RobertJ. Pignolo, MD,PhD Monica K. Crane, MD Mary Ann Forciea, MD vii Contents Preface:What Makes a Classic?ClassicPapers in Geriatric Medicinewith Current Commentaries ................... v Acknowledgments. ............................................ vii Contributors Xl 1 Perspectiveson General Aging 1 RobertJ. Pignolo 2 History of Geriatric Medicine 9 Mary Ann Forciea 3 PalliativeCare of Older Patients ............................ 21 Jennifer Kapo 4 Home-Based Care ofthe Older Patient 27 Mary Ann ForcieaandJean Yudin 5 Education for Health Professionals .......................... 33 Kathy L. Egan 6 Dementia. ..... ........ ............. ... .... ..... ... ...... 47 Jason H. Karlawish 7 Delirium ..... ........ ..... ...... .............. ..... ...... 61 Jerry C. Johnson 8 Falls. ......... ..... .... .... ............ ... ..... ... ..... .. 81 Lesley S. Carson 9 Urinary Incontinence. ..................................... 89 Mary Ann Forciea 10 Osteoporosis .......... ..... ...... ...... ................. . 95 RobertJ. Pignolo 11 Nutrition...... ..... .......... ...... ..... ............. .... 105 Joan Weinryb 12 Health Screeningand Disease Prevention. ................... 113 Vivian S. Argento 13 Osteoarthritis 123 Edna P. Schwab 14 Pressure Ulcers ........................................... 145 Mary Ann Forciea 15 Depression. ..... ... ...... ............ ....... .......... ... 153 Monica K. Crane Index........ .... ... .............. ........ .. ................ . 167 ix Contributors Vivian S.Argento, MD Chief, Section of Geriatrics, Bridgeport Hospital Center for Geriatric Medicine,YaleNew Haven Health Systems,New Haven,CT,USA Lesley S. Carson,MD Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Universityof Pennsylvania Health System,Philadelphia,PA,USA Monica K. Crane, MD Memory Health Clinic, Medical Director, Geriatric Medicine, Attending Senior Health Connection, Carolina Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA Kathy L. Egan, PhD Director,Geriatric Education,Division of Geriatric Medicine,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA Mary Ann Forciea, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University ofPennsylvania Health System,Philadelphia,PA,USA Jerry C.Johnson, MD Professor of Medicine, Chief, Geriatric Medicine Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA Jennifer Kapo, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadel phia,PA,USA Jason H. Karlawish, MD Associate Professor of Medicine,Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA RobertJ Pignolo, MD,PhD AssistantProfessorofMedicine,Division ofGeriatric Medicine,Universityof Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA XI
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