Class Actions in Europe: Holy Grail or a Wrong Trail? PDF
Preview Class Actions in Europe: Holy Grail or a Wrong Trail?
Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice 89 Alan Uzelac Stefaan Voet Editors Class Actions in Europe Holy Grail or a Wrong Trail? Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice Volume 89 SeriesEditors MortimerSellers,UniversityofBaltimore,Baltimore,MD,USA JamesMaxeiner,UniversityofBaltimore,Baltimore,MD,USA EditorialBoardMembers MyroslavaAntonovych,Kyiv-MohylaAcademy,Kyiv,Ukraine Nadia de Araújo, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil JasnaBakšic-Muftic,UniversityofSarajevo,Sarajevo,BosniaandHerzegovina DavidL.CareyMiller,UniversityofAberdeen,Aberdeen,UK LoussiaP.MusseFélix,UniversityofBrasilia,FederalDistrict,Brazil EmanuelGross,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel JamesE.HickeyJr.,HofstraUniversity,SouthHempstead,NY,USA JanKlabbers,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland Cláudia Lima Marques, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil AnicetoMasferrer,UniversityofValencia,Valencia,Spain EricMillard,WestParisUniversity,NanterreCedex,France GabriëlA.Moens,CurtinUniversity,Perth,Australia RaulC.Pangalangan,UniversityofthePhilippines,QuezonCity,Philippines RicardoLeitePinto,LusíadaUniversityofLisbon,Lisboa,Portugal MizanurRahman,UniversityofDhaka,Dhaka,Bangladesh KeitaSato,ChuoUniversity,Tokyo,Japan PoonamSaxena,UniversityofDelhi,NewDelhi,India GerrySimpson,LondonSchoolofEconomics,London,UK EduardSomers,UniversityofGhent,Gent,Belgium XinqiangSun,ShandongUniversity,Shandong,China TadeuszTomaszewski,WarsawUniversity,Warsaw,Poland JaapdeZwaan,ErasmusUniversityRotterdam,Rotterdam,TheNetherlands IusGentiumisabookserieswhichdiscussesthecentralquestionsoflawandjustice fromacomparativeperspective.Thebooksinthisseriescollectthecontrastingand overlappingperspectivesoflawyers,judges,philosophersandscholarsoflawfrom the world’s many different jurisdictions for the purposes of comparison, harmonisation, and the progressive development of law and legal institutions. Each volume makes a new comparative study of an important area of law. This book series continues the work of the well-known journal of the same name and providesthebasisforabetterunderstandingofallareasoflegalscience. TheIusGentiumseriesprovidesavaluableresourceforlawyers,judges,legisla- tors,scholars,andbothgraduatestudentsandresearchersinglobalisation,compar- ative law, legal theory and legal practice. The series has a special focus on the developmentofinternationallegalstandardsandtransnationallegalcooperation. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/7888 (cid:129) Alan Uzelac Stefaan Voet Editors Class Actions in Europe Holy Grail or a Wrong Trail? Editors AlanUzelac StefaanVoet FacultyofLaw KULeuven UniversityofZagreb Leuven,Belgium Zagreb,Croatia ISSN1534-6781 ISSN2214-9902 (electronic) IusGentium:ComparativePerspectivesonLawandJustice ISBN978-3-030-73035-2 ISBN978-3-030-73036-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73036-9 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Thisbookaddressesoneofthetopicaltrendsincontemporaryjudicialsystems:the collectivization of dispute resolution in civil, commercial, and consumer matters. The contributors to this book were invited to evaluate how various methods of collective redress function in their social context and to give their assessment on thedirectionandthedesirabilityofcurrentdevelopments.Theprincipalmotivefor this book was the apparent switch in the general opinion on collective litigation in Europe.Whileclassactionsandsimilarcollectiveredressprocedureswereforalong timedominantlyrejectedas“non-European”andunnecessary,therecentinitiatives of the European policymakers embraced for the first time a more comprehensive approachwithrepresentativeactionsthatprovidebothinjunctiveandcompensatory redress measures. At the same time, the aftermath of some high-profile cases (e.g. Dieselgate) pointed to the importance of effective judicial processing of collective harm situations and caused another surge in the interest for European collectiveredressmechanisms.However,beforeanenthusiasticgeneralacceptance, a number ofother issues needto beresolved, both inEuropeand inthe rest ofthe world. Thecontributionsinthisbookarecollectedfromleadingauthorswhocomenot onlyfromEuropebutalsofromAsiaandNorthandSouthAmerica.InEurope,the contributors are covering different legal traditions and geographic locations, from North and West (Norway, Sweden, UK, Netherlands, and Belgium) to South and East(France,Italy,andSlovenia).Thecollectedcontributionswereenrichedbyan exchangeofviewsoftheauthorsthattookplaceinMay2019attheInter-University Centre Dubrovnik (IUC) within the Public and Private Justice (PPJ) series of seminars. The editors are grateful to the IUC and its staff, and in particular to Mr. Tomislav Kvesić, for their continuing support to high-quality, professional, andacademicdebates. The original ideas and the first drafts of the chapters in this book date from pre-COVID-19, but most of the editing and production work happened when the pandemic was at its peak. While this certainly affected the speed of the process, it alsodemonstratedthatnew,innovativeapproachestothewaycourtsandjudgesdeal v vi Preface with challenges of mass harm are sorely needed. In this sense, we believe that the pandemicmadethisbookevenmoreinterestingandtopical. As editors, we would like to thank a number of people who helped in the production and editing of the present volume. Our gratitude goes in particular to Mr. Randolph W. Davidson and Mr. Edward Frisken for their help in revising the chapters of the non-native English speakers. Dr. Marko Bratković and Mr. Juraj Brozovićprovidedvaluableeditingassistance.Wealsoexpressourgratitudetothe Springerteamfortheirpatienceandsupportthathelpedustocontinueandfinalize ourworkonthisproject. Zagreb,Croatia AlanUzelac Leuven,Belgium StefaanVoet February2021 Contents PartI Introduction CollectivizationofEuropeanCivilProcedure:AreWeFinally Closetoa(Negative)Utopia?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 AlanUzelacandStefaanVoet PartII CriticalPerspectivesonCollectiveRedress EvaluatingCollectiveRedress:Models,Evidence,Outcomesand Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ChristopherHodges FortheDefense:28ShadesofEuropeanClassActions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 LindaS.Mullenix PartIII ManyFacesofCollectiveLitigation:EuropeanPerspectives TheDawnofCollectiveRedress3.0inFrance?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 MariaJoséAzar-BaudandAlexandreBiard FromInjunctionandSettlementtoAction:CollectiveRedressand FundingintheNetherlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 IanikaN.TzankovaandXandraE.Kramer ClassActionsinBelgium:EvaluationandtheWayForward. . . . . . . . . 131 StefaanVoet ClassActionsandGroupLitigation:ANorwegianPerspective. . . . . . . 165 MariaAstrupHjort GroupActionsinEast-NordicLegalCulture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 LauraErvo vii viii Contents RebootingItalianClassActions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 ElisabettaSilvestri ChallengesinDraftingandApplyingtheNewSlovenianCollective ActionsAct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 AlešGaličandAnaVlahek TheLessonsofAirfreightCartel:MechanismsofCoordination ofParallelCollectiveLawsuitsinSeveralJurisdictions?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 JorgSladič CollectiveRedressintheEU:WillItFinallyComeTrue?. . . . . . . . . . . 287 AlexandreBiardandStefaanVoet PartIV GlobalPerspectivesonCollectiveRedress TheStateofReforminFirstandSecondGenerationClass ActionJurisdictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 JasminkaKalajdzic EmpiricalDataandthePowerfulLessonsLearntAboutClass ActionsinQuebec. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 321 CatherinePiché CollectiveRedressinBrazil:SuccessorDisappointment?. . . . . . . . . . . 345 HermesZanetiJr ClassActionsandPublicInterestLitigationinChina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 YulinFu Editors and Contributors About the Editors Alan Uzelac Professor of Law at the University of Zagreb, Croatia, where he teaches Civil Procedure and Comparative Civil Procedure, Organization of the Judiciary and Alternative Dispute Resolution. He is Founding Member of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) in Strasbourg. He is DelegateintheUNCITRALWorkingGrouponArbitrationandConciliation.Heis Co-directorofthePublicandPrivateJusticeseminarattheInter-UniversityCentre, Dubrovnik, Croatia. He is Director of the research project Transformation of Civil JusticeUndertheInfluenceofGlobalandRegionalIntegrationProcesses. Stefaan Voet Associate Professor of civil procedure at the University of Leuven andaHostProfessorattheUniversityofHasselt.HeisProgrammeAffiliateatthe CMS/Swiss Re Research Programme on Civil Justice Systems at the Centre for Socio-LegalStudiesattheUniversityofOxford.HeisMemberoftheClassActions Exchange Network spearheaded by the Universities of Stanford, Oxford, and Til- burgandaffiliateattheClassActionLaboftheUniversityofMontréal.Heisalsoa memberofdifferentworkinggroupsoftheEuropeanLawInstitute. Contributors MariaAstrupHjort FacultyofLaw,UniversityofOslo,Oslo,Norway MariaJoséAzar-Baud UniversityofParis-Sud,Paris,France AlexandreBiard ErasmusUniversityRotterdam,Rotterdam,TheNetherlands LauraErvo ÖrebroUniversity,Örebro,Sweden ix
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