Clark's Essential Guide To Clinical Ultrasound PDF
Preview Clark's Essential Guide To Clinical Ultrasound
ESSENTIAL CLARK’S GUIDE TO CLINICAL ULTR ASOUND CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 11 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 ESSENTIAL CLARK’ S GUIDE TO CLINICAL ULTRASOUND Jan Dodgeon Former Senior Lecturer and Programme Leader University of Salford, UK Associate Professor Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway Gill Harrison Professional Officer for Ultrasound Society and College of Radiographers London, UK Series Editor for Clark’s Companion Essential Guides: A Stewart Whitley ISRRT Director of Professional Practice & Radiology Advisor UK Radiology Advisory Services Preston, Lancashire, UK CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 33 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 Jan Dodgeon and Gill Harrison This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilising any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologise to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilised in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. ISBN: 9780367775087 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367771164 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003171706 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003171706 Typeset in Linotype Berling LT Std by Evolution Design & Digital CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 44 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 CONTENTS Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xv Abbreviations xix Chapter 1 Principles of sonography 1 Overview of diagnostic ultrasound 2 Patient preparation and care 21 Safety considerations 26 References 34 Chapter 2 The upper abdominal organs 39 The pancreas 43 The liver and biliary system 48 The portal venous system 55 The spleen 58 References 63 Chapter 3 The renal tract 67 The kidneys 68 The urinary bladder 78 References 84 Chapter 4 The male reproductive system 87 Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate gland 88 The scrotum and testes 92 The penis 103 References 105 v CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 55 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 Contents Chapter 5 The gastro intestinal (GI) tract 107 The salivary glands 108 The adult GI tract 112 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) 117 The neonatal GI tract 121 References 124 Chapter 6 The endocrine system – thyroid and adrenal glands 127 The thyroid gland 128 The adrenal glands 135 References 139 Chapter 7 The female reproductive system 141 Gynaecological ultrasound 142 Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) 152 Assisted reproduction 157 References 161 Chapter 8 Obstetric ultrasound 165 Overview 166 Early pregnancy assessment 169 First trimester 175 Second trimester 179 Third trimester 188 References 194 Chapter 9 Breast u ltrasound 197 Greyscale, Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) 198 Elastography 204 Volume scanning 206 References 209 vi CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 66 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 Contents Chapter 10 The cardiov ascular system 211 The aorta 212 The extracranial arterial supply to the brain 217 Peripheral arterial – lower limb 223 Peripheral arterial – upper limb 230 Peripheral venous – lower limb 232 Peripheral venous – upper limb 237 Echocardiography 239 Transoesophageal echocardiography 249 Intravascular ultrasound 252 References 255 Chapter 11 The respiratory system – lungs 257 The lungs 258 References 265 Chapter 12 The central nervous system – eye and brain 267 Ocular ultrasound 268 The neonatal brain 272 References 278 Chapter 13 Musculo skeletal ultrasound 279 The shoulder 280 The elbow 285 The wrist and hand 289 The paediatric hip joint 294 The knee 303 The ankle and foot 308 Ultrasound-guided interventions 314 References 318 vii CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 77 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 Contents Chapter 14 Emergency and interventional ultrasound 321 Emergency ultrasound: FAST 322 Interventional ultrasound 330 References 335 Chapter 15 Additional technologies 337 Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) 338 Fusion imaging 341 Artifcial intelligence (AI) in ultrasound 344 References 349 Index 351 viii CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 88 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222 FOREWORD It has been a delight to witness the development and publication of Clark’s Essential Guide to Clinical Ultrasound. This latest addition to the Clark’s series of pocket and desktop books is a testament to the skills, knowledge and dedication of the authors who are key members of the radiography profession and who have at heart the desire to share their knowledge and experience with sonographers at the start of their career and those who seek to further their knowledge. Miss K C Clark, I am sure, would welcome this important addition to the series which has its origins in the recently published Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging (A System-Based Approach) which included the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of many diseases and conditions. This book, however, is dedicated specifically to the use of sonography and will be a valuable aid and resource for the diagnostic/ medical ultrasound, radiography and healthcare communities. This book conveys to its readers an immense amount of important knowledge that is current and relevant and essential to modern-day sonographic practice. The patient must surely benefit by this publication. A Stewart Whitley Series Editor ISRRT Director of Professional Practice & Radiology Advisor UK Radiology Advisory Services Preston, Lancashire, UK ix CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 99 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
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