Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51 ’ Clarke s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51 Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51 ’ Clarke s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons in pharmaceuticals, body fluids and postmortem material FOURTH EDITION Consulting Editors Anthony C Moffat M David Osselton Brian Widdop Executive Development Editor Jo Watts Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51 PublishedbyPharmaceuticalPress 1LambethHighStreet,LondonSE17JN,UK 1559StPaulAvenue,Gurnee,IL60031,USA #PharmaceuticalPress2011 Chapter13:Figures13.1–13.21,13.25–13.32#TICTACCommunications isatrademarkofPharmaceuticalPress PharmaceuticalPressisthepublishingdivisionoftheRoyalPharmaceuticalSociety Firstedition,editedbyEGCClarke,published1969(Vol.1)and1975(Vol.2) Secondedition(inonevolume)published1986 Thirdeditionpublished2004 Fourtheditionpublished2011 TypesetbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India PrintedinItalybyLEGOS.p.A. 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Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51 Contents VOLUME1 15 NaturalToxins 243 JFdeWolff EditorialAdvisoryBoard vii FAdeWolff EditorialandProductionStaff viii Contributors ix 16 Pesticides 258 AbouttheEditors xi MKała Foreword xii Preface xiii 17 MetalsandAnions 288 GeneralNotices xv RBraithwaite Abbreviations xix 18 DrugsinSaliva 308 VSpiehler PartOne:Chapters 19 HairAnalysis 323 1 HospitalToxicology 3 PKintz DRAUges 20 MethodDevelopmentandValidation 334 2 TherapeuticDrugMonitoring 59 FTPeters MHallworth 21 QualityControlinthePharmaceuticalIndustry 350 3 WorkplaceDrugTesting 73 PGraham AVerstraete MPeat 22 QualityControlandAccreditationintheToxicology Laboratory 361 4 DrivingUndertheInfluenceofAlcohol 87 ACMoffat AWJones 23 MeasuringandReportingUncertainty 371 5 DrivingUndertheInfluenceofDrugs 115 MALeBeau BKLogan MDOsselton 24 PharmacokineticsandMetabolism 388 OHDrummer 6 DrugTestinginHumanSport 127 DACowan 25 Pharmacogenomics 401 SHYWong 7 DrugTestinginAnimalSport 138 PTeale 26 InterpretationofToxicologicalData 417 OHDrummer 8 Drug-facilitatedSexualAssault 147 SKarch MDOsselton 27 PaediatricToxicology 429 9 ForensicToxicology 160 DReith MDOsselton ACMoffat 28 Sampling,StorageandStability 445 BWiddop SKerrigan 10 PostmortemToxicology 176 29 Extraction 458 GJones TStimpfl 11 DrugsofAbuse 190 30 ColourTests 471 SDMcDermott BWiddop 12 MedicinalProducts 208 31 Immunoassays 496 ACMoffat RSNiedbala AGDavidson JMGonzalez 13 SolidDosageFormIdentification 219 32 Ultraviolet,VisibleandFluorescenceSpectrophotometry 507 JRamsey JCordonnier JSchaep 14 VolatileSubstances 230 RJFlanagan 33 InfraredSpectroscopy 521 RDJee Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51 vi Contents 34 Near-infraredSpectroscopy 538 44 EmergingTechniques 787 RDJee DRudd 35 RamanSpectroscopy 553 SubjectIndex Ii DEBugay PAMartoglioSmith VOLUME2 FCThorley 36 NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy 564 PartTwo:Monographs 807 JCLindon JKNicholson PartThree:IndexesofAnalyticalData 37 MassSpectrometry 577 CASNumbers 2263 DWatson MolecularFormulae 2278 38 LiquidChromatography–MassSpectrometry 594 FunctionalClasses:Therapeutic 2305 FunctionalClasses:Pesticides 2315 HHMaurer FunctionalClasses:OtherSubstances 2317 39 Thin-layerChromatography 600 MolecularWeights 2328 CFPoole MeltingPoints 2342 ColourTests 2353 40 GasChromatography 636 Thin-layerChromatographicData 2358 SDawling GasChromatographicData 2392 HighPerformanceLiquidChromatographicData 2410 41 HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography 718 UltravioletAbsorptionData 2427 TKupiec InfraredPeaks 2442 PKemp MassSpectralDataofDrugs 2451 MassSpectralDataofPesticides 2460 42 CapillaryElectrophoresis 758 Reagents 2461 FTagliaro PharmacologicalTerms 2463 AFanigliulo JPascali FBortolotti SubjectIndex Ii 43 AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy,InductivelyCoupled Plasma–MassSpectrometryandOtherTechniquesfor MeasuringtheConcentrationsofMetals 773 ATaylor Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:10:1:25 Editorial Advisory Board DrCraigChatterton DrJan-PietFranke DrChristineMoore CNCForensicToxicologyServices,c/o7Sawley DepartmentofPharmaceuticalAnalysis, ImmunalysisCorporation,829TowneCentre Close,Darwen,LancashireBB33QY,UK UniversityofGroningen,ADeusinglaan1, Drive,Pomona,CA91767,USA 9713AVGroningen,TheNetherlands DrHee-SunChung DrSuePaterson NationalForensicService(formallyNISI), ProfessorBruceGoldberger ToxicologyUnit,ImperialCollege,St 331-1Sinwol7-Dong,YangChun-Ku,Seoul UniversityofFlorida–CollegeofMedicine, Dunstan’sRoad,LondonW68RP,UK 158-097,Korea DepartmentofPathologyandLaboratory Medicine,4800SW35thDrive,Gainesville,FL MrChipHWalls DrGailCooper 32608,USA ForensicToxicologyLaboratory,12500SW ForensicMedicineandScience,Universityof 152NdStreet,BldgB,Miami,FL33177,USA Glasgow,ScotlandG128QQ,UK DrRodneyGGullberg WashingtonStateToxicologyLaboratory,2203 MrSimonCosbey AirportWayS,Suite360,Seattle,WA98134, 5ACarnaleaAveue,BangorBT191HF, USA NorthernIreland DrDanSIsenschmid DrSimonElliott WayneCountyMedicalExaminer’sOffice, (ROAR)Forensics,Ltd,MalvernHillsScience 1300EWarrenAvenue,Detroit,MI48207, Park,Malvern,Worcestershire,WR143SZ,UK USA vii Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:10:1:25 Editorial and Production Staff EmmaBurrows JeanMacpherson FreelanceStaff HelenCarter JulieMcGlashan IreneChiwele TamsinCousins LouiseMcIndoe MillieDavis AmyCruse ItharMalik LaurentYGalichet SimonDunton JasonNorman PoppyMcLaughlin MarianFenton KarlParsons EvaReichardt KellyDavey The Prescribers, The School of Pharmacy, RebeccaGarner London,UK Ateamofdedicatedcopyeditors,proofrea- AustinGibbons JoWatts dersandindexersalsohelpedintheprepara- tionofthispublication. DavidGranger LucyWhite JoHumm JohnWilson viii Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:21:0:29 Contributors DrFedericaBortolotti MrMikeHallworth DrSeanDMcDermott DepartmentofPublicHealthandCommunity DepartmentofClinicalBiochemistry,Royal DrugsIntelligenceUnit,ForensicScience Medicine,SectionofForensicMedicine, ShrewsburyHospital,Shrewsbury,UK Laboratory,Dublin,Ireland UniversityofVerona,Verona,Italy DrRogerDJee ProfessorAnthonyCMoffat DrRobinABraithwaite TheSchoolofPharmacy,Universityof Formerly,RoyalPharmaceuticalSocietyof RegionalToxicologyLaboratory,CityHospital London,UK GreatBritainand,TheSchoolofPharmacy, NHSTrust,Birmingham,UK UniversityofLondon,London,UK DrGrahamJones OfficeofChiefMedicalExaminer,Edmonton, DrDavidEBugay ProfessorJeremyKNicholson Canada SSCIInc.,WestLafayette,USA DepartmentofSurgeryandCancer,Imperial CollegeofScience,TechnologyandMedicine, DrAWayneJones DrJanCordonnier London,UK NationalBoardofForensicMedicine, Dorpsstaat106,B-8340Sysele-Damme, DepartmentofForensicChemistry, Belgium Linkoping,Sweden DrRSamNiedbala DepartmentofChemistry,LehighUniversity, ProfessorDavidACowan DrMariaKała Bethlehem,Pennsylvania,USA DrugControlCentre,King’sCollegeLondon, DepartmentofForensicToxicology,Institute UK ofForensicResearch,Cracow,Poland ProfessorMDavidOsselton UniversityofBournemouth,Dorset,UK DrAlastairGDavidson DrStevenKarch DepartmentofPharmaceuticalSciences, POBox5139,Berkeley,CA94705,USA DrJenniferPascali UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow,UK DepartmentofPublicHealthandCommunity Dr PhilKemp Medicine,SectionofForensicMedicine, DrSheilaDawling AnalyticalResearchLaboratories,Oklahoma UniversityofVerona,Verona,Italy VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCentre, City,USA DiagnosticLabs–TVC,Nashville,Tennessee, USA DrSarahKerrigan DrMichaelAPeat SHSURegionalCrimeLaboratory,The QuestDiagnostics,Houston,Texas,USA ProfessorFrederikAdeWolff Woodlands,Texas,USA ToxicologyLaboratory,LeidenUniversity DrFrankTPeters MedicalCenter,Leiden,TheNetherlands DrPascalKintz Institutfu€rRechtsmedizin, LaboratoireChemtox,Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Universit€atsklinikumJena,Jena,Germany DrJacobFdeWolff France UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHS ProfessorColinFPoole FoundationTrust,London,UK DrThomasKupiec DepartmentofChemistry,WayneState AnalyticalResearchLaboratories,Oklahoma University,Detroit,Michigan,USA DrOlafHDrummer City,USA VictorianInst.ofForensicMedicine, DrMarcLeBeau DrJohnRamsey Southbank,Victoria,Australia ChemistryUnit,FBILaboratory,Quantico, DivisionofCardiologicalSciences,StGeorge’s Virginia,USA HospitalMedicalSchool,London,UK DrAmerigaFanigliulo DepartmentofPublicHealthandCommunity ProfessorJohnCLindon Medicine,SectionofForensicMedicine, DrDavidReith DivisionofBiomedicalSciences,Imperial UniversityofVerona,Verona,Italy DunedinSchoolofMedicine,Universityof CollegeofScience,TechnologyandMedicine, Otago,NewZealand London,UK DrRobertJFlanagan MedicalToxicologyUnit,Guy’sandSt DrBarryKLogan DrDaveRudd Thomas’HospitalTrust,London,UK NMSLabs,WillowGrove,Pennsylvania,USA GlaxoSmithKlineManufacturing,Ware, Hertfordshire,UK DrJesusMGonzalez DrPamelaAMartoglioSmith DepartmentofChemistry,LehighUniversity, SSCIInc.,WestLafayette,USA DrJohanSchaep Bethlehem,Pennsylvania,USA Chemipharn.v.,Brugge,Belgium ProfessorHansHMaurer DrPaulGraham DepartmentofExperimentalandClinical DrVinaSpiehler WalkerGrahamPharmaConsultingLtd, Toxicology,UniversityofSaarland,Homburg/ 422TustinAvenue,NewportBeach,CA92663, Ashington,Northumberland,UK Saar,Germany USA ix
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