CLARIN: The Infrastructure for Language Resources

821 Pages·2022·58.921 MB·

by  Darja Fišer and Andreas Witt

CLARIN
Digital Linguistics
Edited by
Andreas Witt
Volume 1
CLARIN
The Infrastructure for Language Resources
Edited by
Darja Fišer and Andreas Witt
ISBN 978-3-11-076734-6
e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-076737-7
e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-076740-7
ISSN 2751-1278
DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110767377
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures,
photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access publication and further permission may
be required from the rights holder. The obligation to research and clear permission lies solely
with the party re-using the material.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022940325
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data are available on the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2022 with the author(s), editing © 2022 Darja Fišer and Andreas Witt, published by Walter
de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
This book is published open access at www.degruyter.com.
Cover image: piranka/E+/Getty Images
Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd.
Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck
www.degruyter.com
Preface
During the first decade of its existence, the CLARIN research infrastructure for
language resources and technology has made great strides in creating and main-
taining an infrastructure to support the sharing, use and sustainability of lan-
guage data and tools for research in the humanities and social sciences. It has
grown into a network of 25 member and observer third-party countries with 70
CLARIN centres, over 900,000 records in its repositories and an immeasurable
number of contributors, users, and trainers. As CLARIN transitions from the
phase of conception and development to the phase of stable growth, CLARIN’s
explicit and implicit institutional memory is invaluable not only for all types of
the current and future members of CLARIN’s network but also for the educational
institutions, funding bodies, policy makers, and fellow research infrastructures.
While CLARIN’s achievements have been individually documented in numerous
workshop, conference and journal articles, they have never been collected and
presented in a comprehensive, single volume, which was the main motivation
behind the call for contributions for this book.
Our primary aim was to offer a volume that will be useful for researchers
and lecturers in various fields of humanities and social science, such as linguis-
tics, digital humanities, literary studies, history, media studies, communication
studies, and political science. Moreover, as CLARIN is one of the first ERICs set
up by the European Commission, we also wanted to make it relevant for every-
one interested in EU Research and Development policy. In November 2020 we
published a call for contributions documenting CLARIN’s organization and its
members, its goals and its functioning, the tools and resources hosted by the
CLARIN infrastructure as well as prominent use cases and success stories. The
response has far exceeded our expectations, with 31 submissions by 109 authors
from all corners of the CLARIN network, which were then carefully reviewed by
the editors. The process, which was completed in September 2022, resulted in
an impressive volume of ca. 800 pages that is organized into 4 parts: Introduc-
tion to CLARIN, CLARIN Technical infrastructure, CLARIN Knowledge infrastruc-
ture and Research driven by CLARIN. We are especially proud that we are able to
present a rich body of work that not only describes how CLARIN is built and what
it offers but also hear directly from the researchers with highly diverse profiles
and research interests whose work has benefitted from the infrastructure.
The editors would like to thank everyone who has contributed to the success
of this volume, which, because of the Covid-19 pandemic, required extra flexi-
bility and dedication: the authors of the chapters for their inspiring contribu-
tions, the technical editors for copyediting and CLARIN ERIC for their support
Open Access. © 2022 the author(s), published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110767377-202
VI   Preface
with making the book openly accessible. In particular, the editors would like to
thank Paweł Kamocki for his support throughout the editing process, and Jen-
nifer Ecker, whose role in handling the communication with the authors and with
the publisher cannot be overestimated. The editors accept full responsibility for
all mistakes and shortcomings in this volume.
Darja Fišer & Andreas Witt
Contents
Preface   V
Part I: CLARIN: An Introduction of the ERIC
Steven Krauwer and Bente Maegaard
CLARIN – How It Started   3
Franciska de Jong, Dieter Van Uytvanck, Francesca Frontini, Antal van den Bosch,
Darja Fišer, and Andreas Witt
Language Matters   31
Part II: Technical Infrastructure
Jan Hajič, Eva Hajičová, Barbora Hladká, Jozef Mišutka, Ondřej Košarko,
and Pavel Straňák
LINDAT/CLARIAH-CZ: Where We Are and Where We Go   61
Claus Zinn and Emanuel Dima
The CLARIN Language Resource Switchboard   83
Luís Gomes, Ruben Branco, João Silva, and António Branco
Open and Inclusive Language Processing   107
Daan Broeder and Jan Odijk
Sustainability and Genericity of CLARIN Services in the Netherlands   133
Marc Kupietz, Nils Diewald, and Eliza Margaretha
Building Paths to Corpus Data   163
Menzo Windhouwer and Twan Goosen
Component Metadata Infrastructure   191
Martina Trognitz, Matej Ďurčo, and Karlheinz Mörth
Text Technology for the Digital Humanities   223
VIII   Contents
Gisle Andersen and Peder Gammeltoft
The Role of CLARIN in Advancing Terminology: The Case of Termportalen – the
National Terminology Portal for Norway   249
Christoph Draxler, Alexander Geyken, Erhard Hinrichs, Annette Klosa-Kückelhaus,
Elke Teich, and Thorsten Trippel
How to Connect Language Resources, Infrastructures, and Communities   275
Piotr Bański and Hanna Hedeland
Standards in CLARIN   307
Part III: Knowledge Infrastructure
Jakob Lenardič and Darja Fišer
The CLARIN Resource and Tool Families   343
Henk van den Heuvel, Nelleke Oostdijk, Caroline Rowland, and Paul Trilsbeek
The CLARIN Knowledge Centre for Atypical Communication Expertise   373
Tanja Wissik, Leon Wessels, and Frank Fischer
The DH Course Registry: A Piece of the Puzzle in CLARIN’s Technical and
Knowledge Infrastructure   389
Martin Hennelly, Langa Khumalo, Juan Steyn, and Menno van Zaanen
Training of Digital Language Resources Skills in South Africa   409
Nikola Ljubešić, Tomaž Erjavec, Maja Miličević Petrović, and Tanja Samardžić
Together We Are Stronger: Bootstrapping Language Technology Infrastructure
for South Slavic Languages with CLARIN.SI   429
Paweł Kamocki, Aleksei Kelli, and Krister Lindén
The CLARIN Committee for Legal and Ethical Issues and the Normative Layer
of the CLARIN Infrastructure   457
Krister Lindén, Tommi Jauhiainen, Mietta Lennes, Mikko Kurimo, Aleksi Rossi,
Tommi Kurki, and Olli Pitkänen
Donate Speech   481
Contents   IX
Rūta Petrauskaitė, Darius Amilevičius, Virginijus Dadurkevičius, Tomas Krilavičius,
Gailius Raškinis, Andrius Utka, and Jurgita Vaičenonienė
CLARIN-LT: Home for Lithuanian Language Resources   511
Margunn Rauset, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, Helge Dyvik, Paul Meurer,
Rune Kyrkjebø, and Koenraad De Smedt
Words, Words!   537
Eva Pettersson and Lars Borin
Swedish Diachronic Corpus   561
Part IV: Research Driven by Infrastructure
João Silva, Sara Grilo, Márcia Bolrinha, Rodrigo Santos, Luís Gomes,
António Branco, and Rui Vaz
Where do I Belong in Six Centuries of Literature?   589
Eva Hajičová, Jan Hajič, Barbora Hladká, Jiří Mírovský, Lucie Poláková,
Kateřina Rysová, Magdaléna Rysová, Pavel Straňák, Barbora Štěpánková,
and Šárka Zikánová
Corpus Annotation as a Feasible and Scientifically Beneficial Task   613
Silvia Calamai, Duccio Piccardi, Niccolò Pretto, Giovanni Candeo,
Maria Francesca Stamuli, and Monica Monachini
Not Just Paper: Enhancement of Archive Cultural Heritage   647
Anna Lindahl and Stian Rødven-Eide
Argumentative Language Resources at Språkbanken Text   667
Jack Hoeksema, Kees de Glopper, and Gertjan van Noord
Syntactic Profiles in Secondary School Writing Using PaQu and SPOD   691
Jan Odijk
CLARIN’s Support for Research into the Acquisition of Lexical Properties   709
Riccardo Pozzo, Timon Gatta, Hansmichael Hohenegger, Jonas Kuhn,
Axel Pichler, Marco Turchi, and Josef van Genabith
Aligning Immanuel Kant’s Work and its Translations   727