Table Of Content

CK-12 F OUNDATION CK-12 Biology I Akre Brainard Gray-Wilson Wilkin CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web- based collaborative model termed the “FlexBook,” CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning. Copyright © 2010 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution/Non- Commercial/ShareAlike3.0Unported(CC-by-NC-SA)License(http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Specific details can be found at http://about.ck12.org/terms. Printed: July 27, 2010 Authors Barbara Akre, Jean Brainard, Niamh Gray-Wilson, Douglas Wilkin Editor Douglas Wilkin i www.ck12.org Contents 1 Foundations of Life Science 1 1.1 Lesson 1.1: Nature of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Lesson 1.2: Communicating Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.3 Lesson 1.3: Tools and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.4 Lesson 1.4: Principles of Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 2 Chemical Basis of Life 93 2.1 Lesson 2.1: Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.2 Lesson 2.2: Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 2.3 Lesson 2.3: Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 2.4 Lesson 2.4: Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 3 Cell Structure and Function 143 3.1 Lesson 3.1: Introduction to Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3.2 Lesson 3.2: Cell Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 3.3 Lesson 3.3: Cell Transport and Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 4 Photosynthesis 207 4.1 Lesson 4.1: Energy for Life: An Overview of Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . 207 4.2 Lesson 4.2: Into the Chloroplast: How Photosynthesis Works . . . . . . . . 220 Lesson 4.2: Into the Chloroplast: How Photosynthesis Works . . . . . . . . . . . 222 5 Cellular Respiration 243 iii www.ck12.org 5.1 Lesson 5.1: Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis . . . . . 243 5.2 Lesson 5.2: Into the Mitochondrion: Making ATP with Oxygen . . . . . . . 260 5.3 Lesson 5.3: Anaerobic Respiration: ATP, New Fuels, and Yogurt without Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 6 Cell Division and Reproduction 287 6.1 Lesson 6.1: Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 6.2 Lesson 6.2: Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 7 Mendelian Genetics 315 7.1 Lesson 7.1: Mendel’s Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 7.2 Lesson 7.2: Mendelian Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 8 Molecular Genetics 345 8.1 Lesson 8.1: DNA and RNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 8.2 Lesson 8.2: Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 8.3 Lesson 8.3: Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 8.4 Lesson 8.4: Regulation of Gene Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 9 Human Genetics 405 9.1 Lesson 9.1: Human Chromosomes and Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 9.2 Lesson 9.2: Human Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 10 Biotechnology 445 10.1 Lesson 10.1: DNA Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 10.2 Lesson 10.2: Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 11 History of Life 479 11.1 Lesson 11.1: Studying the History of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 11.2 Lesson 11.2: Early Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 11.3 Lesson 11.3: Multicellular Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 iv www.ck12.org 12 Evolutionary Theory 549 12.1 Lesson 12.1: Darwin and The Theory of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 12.2 Lesson 12.2: Evidence for Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 12.3 Lesson 12.3: Evolution Continues Today - Can We Control It? . . . . . . . 588 13 Evolution in Populations 607 13.1 Lesson 13.1: Genetics of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 13.2 Lesson 13.2: Genetic Change in Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 13.3 Lesson 13.3: The Origin of Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 14 Classification 673 14.1 Lesson 14.1: Form and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 14.2 Lesson 14.2: Phylogenetic Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 14.3 Lesson 14.3: Modern Classification Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 15 Principles of Ecology 709 15.1 Lesson 15.1: The Science of Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 15.2 Lesson 15.2: Flow of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 15.3 Lesson 15.3: Recycling Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 16 Biomes, Ecosystems, and Communities 749 16.1 Lesson 16.1: Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 16.2 Lesson 16.2: Terrestrial Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 16.3 Lesson 16.3: Aquatic Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 16.4 Lesson 16.4: Community Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 17 Populations 801 17.1 Lesson 17.1: Characteristics of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 17.2 Lesson 17.2: Population Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 17.3 Lesson 17.3: Human Population Growth: Doomsday, Cornucopia, or Some- where in Between? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 v www.ck12.org 18 Ecology and Human Actions 863 18.1 Lesson 18.1: The Biodiversity Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 18.2 Lesson 18.2: Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 18.3 Lesson 18.3: Natural Resources II: The Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925 18.4 Lesson 18.4: Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948 19 The Human Body 971 19.1 Lesson 19.1: Organization of the Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 19.2 Lesson 19.2: Homeostasis and Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982 20 Nervous and Endocrine Systems 995 20.1 Lesson 20.1: The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 20.2 Lesson 20.2: The Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050 21 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems 1091 21.1 Lesson 21.1: Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091 21.2 Lesson 21.2: Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 21.3 Lesson 21.3: Integumentary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147 22 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 1169 22.1 Lesson 22.1: Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169 22.2 Lesson 22.2: Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202 22.3 Lesson 22.3: Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218 23 Digestive and Excretory Systems 1235 23.1 Lesson 23.1: Food and Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235 23.2 Lesson 23.2: Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255 23.3 Lesson 23.3: Excretory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270 24 Immune System and Disease 1285 24.1 Lesson 24.1: Nonspecific Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285 vi www.ck12.org 24.2 Lesson 24.2: Immune Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292 24.3 Lesson 24.3: Immune System Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307 24.4 Lesson 24.4: Environmental Problems and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . 1317 25 Reproductive System and Human Development 1331 25.1 Lesson 25.1: Male Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331 25.2 Lesson 25.2: Female Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339 25.3 Lesson 25.3: Fertilization, Gestation, and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354 25.4 Lesson 25.4: Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1372 26 Appendix: Biology I 1383 26.1 Investigation and Experimentation Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383 vii www.ck12.org viii www.ck12.org

ebook img

CK-12 Biology I PDF

2010·41.7 MB·English
by  Douglas Wilkin
#additional_collections #opensource_textbooks
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Upgrade Premium
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview CK-12 Biology I

CK-12 F OUNDATION CK-12 Biology I Akre Brainard Gray-Wilson Wilkin CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web- based collaborative model termed the “FlexBook,” CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning. Copyright © 2010 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution/Non- Commercial/ShareAlike3.0Unported(CC-by-NC-SA)License(http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Specific details can be found at http://about.ck12.org/terms. Printed: July 27, 2010 Authors Barbara Akre, Jean Brainard, Niamh Gray-Wilson, Douglas Wilkin Editor Douglas Wilkin i www.ck12.org Contents 1 Foundations of Life Science 1 1.1 Lesson 1.1: Nature of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Lesson 1.2: Communicating Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.3 Lesson 1.3: Tools and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.4 Lesson 1.4: Principles of Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 2 Chemical Basis of Life 93 2.1 Lesson 2.1: Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.2 Lesson 2.2: Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 2.3 Lesson 2.3: Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 2.4 Lesson 2.4: Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 3 Cell Structure and Function 143 3.1 Lesson 3.1: Introduction to Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3.2 Lesson 3.2: Cell Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 3.3 Lesson 3.3: Cell Transport and Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 4 Photosynthesis 207 4.1 Lesson 4.1: Energy for Life: An Overview of Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . 207 4.2 Lesson 4.2: Into the Chloroplast: How Photosynthesis Works . . . . . . . . 220 Lesson 4.2: Into the Chloroplast: How Photosynthesis Works . . . . . . . . . . . 222 5 Cellular Respiration 243 iii www.ck12.org 5.1 Lesson 5.1: Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis . . . . . 243 5.2 Lesson 5.2: Into the Mitochondrion: Making ATP with Oxygen . . . . . . . 260 5.3 Lesson 5.3: Anaerobic Respiration: ATP, New Fuels, and Yogurt without Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 6 Cell Division and Reproduction 287 6.1 Lesson 6.1: Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 6.2 Lesson 6.2: Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 7 Mendelian Genetics 315 7.1 Lesson 7.1: Mendel’s Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 7.2 Lesson 7.2: Mendelian Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 8 Molecular Genetics 345 8.1 Lesson 8.1: DNA and RNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 8.2 Lesson 8.2: Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 8.3 Lesson 8.3: Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 8.4 Lesson 8.4: Regulation of Gene Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 9 Human Genetics 405 9.1 Lesson 9.1: Human Chromosomes and Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 9.2 Lesson 9.2: Human Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 10 Biotechnology 445 10.1 Lesson 10.1: DNA Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 10.2 Lesson 10.2: Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 11 History of Life 479 11.1 Lesson 11.1: Studying the History of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 11.2 Lesson 11.2: Early Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 11.3 Lesson 11.3: Multicellular Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 iv www.ck12.org 12 Evolutionary Theory 549 12.1 Lesson 12.1: Darwin and The Theory of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 12.2 Lesson 12.2: Evidence for Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 12.3 Lesson 12.3: Evolution Continues Today - Can We Control It? . . . . . . . 588 13 Evolution in Populations 607 13.1 Lesson 13.1: Genetics of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 13.2 Lesson 13.2: Genetic Change in Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 13.3 Lesson 13.3: The Origin of Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 14 Classification 673 14.1 Lesson 14.1: Form and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 14.2 Lesson 14.2: Phylogenetic Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 14.3 Lesson 14.3: Modern Classification Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 15 Principles of Ecology 709 15.1 Lesson 15.1: The Science of Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 15.2 Lesson 15.2: Flow of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 15.3 Lesson 15.3: Recycling Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 16 Biomes, Ecosystems, and Communities 749 16.1 Lesson 16.1: Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 16.2 Lesson 16.2: Terrestrial Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 16.3 Lesson 16.3: Aquatic Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 16.4 Lesson 16.4: Community Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 17 Populations 801 17.1 Lesson 17.1: Characteristics of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 17.2 Lesson 17.2: Population Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 17.3 Lesson 17.3: Human Population Growth: Doomsday, Cornucopia, or Some- where in Between? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 v www.ck12.org 18 Ecology and Human Actions 863 18.1 Lesson 18.1: The Biodiversity Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 18.2 Lesson 18.2: Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 18.3 Lesson 18.3: Natural Resources II: The Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925 18.4 Lesson 18.4: Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948 19 The Human Body 971 19.1 Lesson 19.1: Organization of the Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 19.2 Lesson 19.2: Homeostasis and Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982 20 Nervous and Endocrine Systems 995 20.1 Lesson 20.1: The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 20.2 Lesson 20.2: The Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050 21 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems 1091 21.1 Lesson 21.1: Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091 21.2 Lesson 21.2: Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 21.3 Lesson 21.3: Integumentary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147 22 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 1169 22.1 Lesson 22.1: Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169 22.2 Lesson 22.2: Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202 22.3 Lesson 22.3: Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218 23 Digestive and Excretory Systems 1235 23.1 Lesson 23.1: Food and Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235 23.2 Lesson 23.2: Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255 23.3 Lesson 23.3: Excretory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270 24 Immune System and Disease 1285 24.1 Lesson 24.1: Nonspecific Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285 vi www.ck12.org 24.2 Lesson 24.2: Immune Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292 24.3 Lesson 24.3: Immune System Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307 24.4 Lesson 24.4: Environmental Problems and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . 1317 25 Reproductive System and Human Development 1331 25.1 Lesson 25.1: Male Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331 25.2 Lesson 25.2: Female Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339 25.3 Lesson 25.3: Fertilization, Gestation, and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354 25.4 Lesson 25.4: Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1372 26 Appendix: Biology I 1383 26.1 Investigation and Experimentation Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383 vii www.ck12.org viii www.ck12.org

See more

The list of books you might like

Upgrade Premium
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.
DMCA & Copyright: Dear all, most of the website is community built, users are uploading hundred of books everyday, which makes really hard for us to identify copyrighted material, please contact us if you want any material removed.
Copyright @ PDFdrive.to, 2022 | We love our users