Civilizing the Child: Discourses of Race, Nation, and Child Welfare in America PDF
Preview Civilizing the Child: Discourses of Race, Nation, and Child Welfare in America
Civilizing the Child Civilizing the Child Discources of Race, Nation, and Child Welfare in America Katharine S. Bullard LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder •NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofRowman&Littlefield 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 10ThornburyRoad,PlymouthPL67PP,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2014byLexingtonBooks Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Bullard,KatharineS.,1974- Civilizingthechild:discoursesofrace,nation,andchildwelfareinAmerica/KatharineS.Bullard. pagescm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-7391-7898-0(cloth:alk.paper)--ISBN978-0-7391-7899-7(electronic) 1.Childwelfare--UnitedStates--History.2.Immigrantchildren--Servicesfor--UnitedStates--Histo- ry.3.Poorchildren--Servicesfor--UnitedStates--History.4.Childrenofminorities--Servicesfor-- UnitedStates--History.5.Racism--UnitedStates--History.I.Title. HV741.B852014 362.70973--dc23 2013032401 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1 SettlingtheWaifs:CharlesLoringBrace,theChildren’sAid Society,andChristianExpansion 9 2 JacobRiis,SlumTourism,andCitizenship 41 3 ImmigrantNeighborhoods,SettlementHouses,andthe CivilizingMission 75 4 TheRightsofAmericanChildren:SocialScience,Citizenship, andtheChildren’sBureau 101 Epilogue 129 Bibliography 135 Index 147 v Acknowledgments ThisbookbeganasadissertationattheUniversityofIllinoismanyyearsago and as such I have accumulated many debts in its inception and rebirth as a bookmanuscript,includinginmycurrentpositionattheFairleighDickinson University. Scholarly colleagues, including Antoinette Burton, Ruth Fair- banks, Matt Gambino, Kristin Hoganson, Rose Holz, Mark Leff, Sonya Michel,ElisaMiller,LeslieReagan,DavidRoediger,andKerryWynn,read allorpartsofthemanuscriptatvariousstagesandprovidedpertinentadvice. The very different expertise of my advisors, Antoinette Burton and Sonya Michel, helped to shape this project from its very beginnings, pushing my analysis further and insisting on high standards. As the dissertation evolved into a book manuscript, Antoinette went above and beyond the call of duty reading and commenting and encouraging me through publication. I also appreciate the comments of the anonymous reviewer for Lexington Books whohelpedmeattheveryendofthisprojecttoensurethebookwasthebest itcouldbe. In my faculty position at Fairleigh Dickinson University, I received ap- preciated course release from University College to help with the research andwritingofCivilizingtheChild.IamfortunateatFDUtohaveadiverse, exhilarating group of students whose ideas helped shape this project even if theywerenotawareofit.Mycolleagues,insidethedepartmentandoutside, werealsowonderfullysupportive. My two amazing daughters, Miriam and Iris, shaped this book and my thinking about childhood in general. I want to thank the staff of the Meekel ChildCareCenterandsomeincrediblebabysittersforenablingmetobeable todothiswork. Teaching,research,writing,andalloftheregularworkofdailylifewere madepossibleandmorepleasurablebymyfamilyandmywonderfulfriends. vii viii Acknowledgments Thank you to Ed, Sarah, Sally, David, Jackee and Alex for support and understandingfortheduration.TheDePete/Burke/McMahonextendedfami- lyandLouandtheirchildrenhavemademyfamily’slifeandminesomuch richerandmorefunandIthankthemforit. LastlyIwouldliketothankmyhusband,StormHeter.Hehasbeenthere since I began this project, and without his support the project would have been abandoned long ago. I have benefited immensely from his insights on myworkandhispresenceinmylife.Idedicatethisbooktohim. Sections of chapter 4 were previously published under the title “Children’s Future, Nation’s Future: Race, Citizenship and the U.S. Children’s Bureau” in Raising Citizens in the “Century of the Child”: The United States and GermanCentralEuropeinComparativePerspectivespublishedbyBergahn Books(2010). The photographs in chapter 2 are courtesy of the Museum of the City of NewYork.
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