Civilizing Missions: International Religious Agencies in China (Culture and Religion in International Relations) PDF
Preview Civilizing Missions: International Religious Agencies in China (Culture and Religion in International Relations)
CIVILIZING MISSIONS Culture and Religion in International Relations Series Editors: Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil Published by Palgrave Macmillan: Dialogue among Civilizations: Some Exemplary Voices By Fred Dallmayr Religion in International Relations: The Return from Exile Edited by Fabio Petito and Pavlos Hatzopoulos Identity and Global Politics: Theoretical and Empirical Elaborations Edited by Patricia M. Goff and Kevin C. Dunn Reason, Culture, Religion: The Metaphysics of World Politics By Ralph Pettman Bringing Religion into International Relations By Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandler The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-First Century By Scott M. Thomas Religion, Social Practice, and Contested Hegemonies: Reconstructing the Public Sphere in Muslim Majority Societies Edited by Armando Salvatore and Mark LeVine Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy: Memories of International Order and Institutions By Siba N. Grovogui The Public Sphere: Between Tradition and Modernity By Armando Salvatore Civilizational Identity: The Production and Reproduction of “Civilizations” in International Relations Edited by Martin Hall and Patrick Thaddeus Jackson Civilizing Missions: International Religious Agencies in China By Miwa Hirono C M IVILIZING ISSIONS INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS AGENCIES IN CHINA Miwa Hirono CIVILIZING MISSIONS Copyright © Miwa Hirono, 2008. All rights reserved. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–0–230–60897–9 ISBN-10: 0–230–60897–3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hirono, Miwa. Civilizing missions : international religious agencies in China / Miwa Hirono. p. cm.—(Culture and religion in international relations) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–230–60897–3 1. Missions—China. 2. Missions—Theory I. Title. BV3415.2.H57 2008 266.00951—dc22 2008015900 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December 2008 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. This book is dedicated to the memory of my grandmother, Midori Yoh (1912–2007); to the incredible people who work among the poor, whose work and passion I deeply admire; and to K. Yoh-Hirono, Keiko Hirono, and Peter Trebilco. This page intentionally left blank C ONTENTS List of Illustrations ix Preface xi List of Acronyms xv Introduction: Christian “Civilizing Missions” of the Past and Present 1 Part I Theory and History 1 “Civilizing Missions” and Ethnic Communities in China 21 2 The Chinese State as a Civilizer of Ethnic Minorities: Civilization and Religion in Chinese History 43 3 Evangelism and Its Unintended Consequences: Christian Missionaries in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 73 Part II Contemporary “Civilizing Missions?” 4 C hristian Evangelism in a Tibetan Buddhist Community: The Jian Hua Foundation 101 5 Presence Evangelism: The Salvation Army 131 6 Secular Use of Local Religion: Oxfam Hong Kong 163 viii Contents Conclusion 191 Notes 209 Bibliography 231 Index 255 I LLUSTRATIONS Images 2.1 Image of Confucian Worldview 46 5.1 “For the Salvation of China’s Millions!” 134 Maps 3.1 Location of Stone Gateway 82 II.1 Locations of the Case-Study Community Development Projects 100 Photographs 3.1 The Miao and Samuel Pollard 83 5.1 Uniform of The Salvation Army Officer in China (Commissioner Charles H. Jeffries) 137 5.2 T he Salvation Army’s Shield Mark at the Primary School in Fangmaba Village 141 Tables 1.1 Civilization and Jiaohua 25 6.1 Ladder of Participation 168 Figure 6.1 Village Structure in Muga Township 173
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