Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies

739 Pages·1993·7.984 MB·English

by  Geoffrey Samuel

CIVILIZED
SHAMANS
Buddhism
.
11\
TibeStoaclli eties
~
OeoffSraemvu el
SMITHSONIANI NSTITUTIOPNR ESS
WASHINGTON AND LONDON
Tom ym othGeer,rt Sya muel
199b3yt hSem ithsIonnsitaint ution
©
All rights reserved
CopEydi toRrob:Ai .nG ould
ProduEcdittiDoournk: Je o hns
DesigKnaetrh:lS eiemns
LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa l-oigni-nPgubDlaitcaa tion
SamuGeelo,ff rey.
Civislhiazme:adB n usddhiinTs imb estoacni /eG teioeffsSr aemyu el.
p.c m.
Inclbuidibeolasgp rhirceeafrle nacneds index.
ISB1N- 56°-948 -231
Buddmh-iCshinTai-b2e.Tt i.b (eCth ina)-Religion.
I.
IT.i tle.
BQ670S42·6 1993
29·43'923'09515-dc20 92-12590
BriLtiiabsrrhCy a tauliongg-in-PDuabtilaasi av cialtaibolne
Manaucftuirnte hdUe n itSetdao tfAe mse rica
009 9 5 4
Thepa peri ntu hspieusdib clamteieottnhs me i nimruemqe umiernotfs
@
thAem eriNcaatniS otnaanlfd roaP redr foromfPa anpcfeeoPr rr inLtieabdrr y
MaterZi34a98l.-s 1984.
Conetnst
Preface
VB
INTRODUCTION
I.I ntroducSthiaomna:n aincd C leriBcuadld his3m
2.T ibetaannd T heravadSionc ietAi eCso:m paris2o4n
PARTO NE
3.T ibetSaonc ietIinetsr:o ducatnidCo enn trTailb et3 9
TibetSaonc ietKi'easm:( EasteTrinbe t6) 4
4.
5.T ibetSaonc ietAimedso:( NortheasTtiebrent 8)7
6.T ibetSaonc ietSioeust:h earnndW esteTrinb et9 9
7.T ibetan Communi1t5i es
I
8.S omeC onclusio1n39s
CONTENTS
PARTT WO
9.T heR ituCaols moasn d IItnsh abitaIn5t7s
IOT.h eF olRke ligiaonndt heP ragmaOtriice ntat1i7o6n
II .T heK armOar ientation, Rebirth,
andT ibetVaanl ueIs9 9
I2T.a ntraan dt heB odhOir ientat2i2o3n
I3T.h e Lamaan dt heT antrDieci tie2s4 4
I4T.a ntraan dt heP ragmaOtriice ntat2i5o8n
IS.La masM,o nksa,n dY ogin2s7 0
I6F.o lSkh amans, andC razy Sidd2h9a0s
Terton,
17T.i betRaenl igiCooumsm unit(iCeos mpo3)0 9
I8.So meR ecenLta mas 336
PARTT HREE
I9·F romS tructtuoPr reo ces3s5 9
20I.n diBau:d dhiBsetg innin3g6s7
2I .I ndiMaa:h ayanSac hool3s8 8
22.In diTaa:n traan dt heB uddhiSsitd dha4s0 6
23T.i betto 84I 436
A.D.
24T.i bet: LTohcea Hle gemonPiecr io4d 57
25T.i betMo:n goOlv erlords4h8Ii p
26T.i beGt:e lugpSay ntheasnidsS hamanRieca ctio4n9 9
27T.i beGte:l ugpPao wearn dt heR imedS ynthes5i2s5
28.Co nclusi5o5n3
EpilogTuhee: TibeatanndTs i betRaenl igiToodna y 574
AppendixT heM onastPiocp ulatoifTo inb et5 78
1.
Notes5 83
Guidteo T ibetSapne lli6n g7I
Referenc6e3s5
Index6 93
Praecfe
Thibso ohka bse eanl ontgi mient hwer itMiyni gn.i fitedilwaolr k
witThi betiann sI ndNieap taaolno pdkl aicn1e 79 1-917.2'Tfihres t
versoifto hnbe o owka wsr itdtuernin nign e mIos npteahntst the
Univerosfi tCoyar lniiinfa Berikn1e 9l-8e11y9a 8s2r eas eaasrscoh­
ciaitnte hD ee partomAfen ntth royp.I ontl hsoeug bseyqeuaetrnhste,
plaonft hbeo ohka usn edrgosneev edrraalsc thiacn gaentsdh, r ee
chaeprttsh oarti gifnroamlepdla yr ti htoa fvg er oiwnna ts oe paatre
worokna ntohprolotghieco(aMrliy n Bdo,d ayn dCu ltuCraem,b ridge
UnvierysP irteswsh)iw,ca hps u blis1h99e0d. in
Then autroeft hper ojheaacslt cs hoa nsgiegdn ifiocvaenrt ltyh e
yeairpnsa ,br etc aoufts hee engorromwiotTunhis b esttaunds iiensc e
the -m19i7d0MSy.p r imoabrjye ctthirvoeuh gahbsoe uettnop resent
ac oheirnetnetr proefTt iabteriteoalnni bguiItoh na,va el tsroi ed to
provainod vee rvoifte hwpe r essetnaottfr e e seaarnacdb h a,s eline
frmo whiocthh ietnre rprectaabnte igoTinhnsis. su v reays paepcptl ies
partliyct uotl haoerv ervoifTe ibwe tsaonc iientP iaerOstn eb,u It
havter itehdr outghhbeoo uottk og ivteh e raenoa rdieern ttoa­tion
wartdhsce u rrleeinrtta tTuhrihesa. ns o bte en attempted since the
Vll
PREFACE
suvreyosfR olSft e(iTbnie tCainv aiitloinz1,79 a2)D,a vSinde glrolve
anHdu gRhi char(udCtlsuoraHnli srtyoo fT ibe1t69,8a )n Gdi useppe
Tucc(ieR loingoisfT ibe1t89,0 b)o,o wkhsi wcehr fier sptu bliisnh ed
16921,69 8a,n 1d79 0r estpielvcyae,n wde rea nicyna sneoc to ncerned
witthh aen throploeilrtoagtiwuchraielch, ha rdelxyi sitnte hdo se
timWeosr.ko nT ibetraenl iigssic oant toevresered v edriaslc iplines
anlda nguaangideit sns , o eta sfryo bae giinnnte hfiree ltdoa ppre­
ciahtoewm uchha bse edno neh oiwmn a nayr eoarfsr o,t hmaatt ter
tos ee mtahjgeoa rpt sh sattri elmla Iih na.vn eod outbhtma yte fforts
int hdiiser ctwiiorlnal p ibdelcyoo muet dabtuetsd t,Ihi olplte h at
theyb ew iuolsffleo sro mtei mteoc ome.
Myo wni netrpreotfTa itbieotn an hraaesll csihoga inoognve edr
thyee aarsIsh ,a vlee armnoerfderm o thweo rokfo thaenrfdsr ommy
ownr ese.aT ricbhertealni ngoiwao pnp ebaortsh omroiirngeaa ln,d
moraene xpreosfus nivioenrh suamlap nr oceasnsde sa btihlaiintt ies,
diwdh eInw romtyed octdosirsaelr tIa thitaorvniei.e nt d h bioso tko
suggseosmtoe ft hwea yisnw hitchhhe i osrtoyfh umatnh ouignh t
Tibeitos fv altuoue sa laln,td os ketthcsehp ecfirofimtcsh at general
humains saunecdso nfltiocoitknTs i b etsaonc ieTtibieetsa.mn aiys ts
finsdo moeft hpeo siIth iaovtneas k ceontn rosviefarrole ,x ammpyl e
commeonntt shd ee efctosfa L hasae-rcevedin etowfT ibestoacni ­
etioerms y,g eneermaplh aosnti·hs se h amaansipceo cft sT ibetan
BuddhIiw somu.bl ed pletahsbeeo dow kei rtfeop rovsookmede e ­
batiena retahsah ta vbee etno por onaett, i mteost ,h ree stpfleu c
repetoifrt eicoenwi ivesddT ohme.r eheartsaiknfegon gr or fa nted
knowlheadlsgi ett todl owe i tghe nuine inswiega hrttea, l kw­hether
inagb osuatmr: vtoipr-a radmrthyaas.a t
Itr ematiotn hsa tnhko wsheoh avaes simseti,en md a nwya ys,
duritnhwger itoiftn hge bTohoekiy.n c lude Vincanne Adams, Mi­
chael AAnlaDlkoe rnNj,ae m g,yM ailchAareilBs a,r bAazriYazae ,l
BentoBre,nr bEaduR mi,c aCradnozK iroy,s CteycnAahn ,n Ceh ayet,
BarCrlya Brakr,b Caoruas SionpshD,ia ,eyE alinDeo bsLoanr,Er py­
steSitne,av neJd o aGno odmNaenl,sG orna buTornniH, u ebrG,u an
JiaMna,r ie-HAoncnkei ngsK,a epBrfreIurvc,aK ena rLpi,n Kdeam p,
PeKrv aerAnned,r Leoas eries, Dan MartBiinl,l Per Matthiesen,
NewelJla,m yNaonrgb Mua,rP ihay laFcrtaonu�P,oo imsmea ret, Santi
RozaIrliaoSn,i al, bM earrtSionu tohlwdEv,li rSapo rgiJso,hS nt e­
phensDoanvT,iem dp lemDawni,gT hkta toswcL,hi nWlaelyk eGre,­
haWni ejyewarCdheirnWsei ,l lJcaoWnxil ,l Piest,We irl sYoanngE, n-
Vlll
PREFACE
honga,n dZ hanLgi anshOetnhge.hr asv de oulbetsbse en
uniennttioonmailtlbtyueI tda ,m lneogs rsa utlte otf hem.
Myd octroersaelia n1r 79c1h- 1w9a7ss2u oprptbeydg raa fnrmto
thSeo cial RSecscieheaC nrocuen( cUKi.).l T. h ibso ohka asl bseon ­
efittferdorm e cfieenltr de seoanrt chhe GeepsiacrE aasntdTe ir­n
betsaonct iyw,eh iwcahs m adpeo ssbiyba lnAe u strRaelsieaa rch
Counacwia.lr tdIh atnhkae u thortihtUein veiesr sooifNft e ywa cstle,
whoa llomweer de selaeracfvhoe tr h pirsjo ecatn,ad l ssuop ported
throevee rssteualdsey a ve apnemdry ia otdtse nadta nCtcsheoe m a
deK 6rc6osen rfenicnHeu ngianr1 8y9 4a ntdh 5eht I ATSSe mianta r
NariJtaapi,an 1n 89 9T.h es taoffft hAeu chymL uitabrraytt hUen i­
versoifNt eyw caasltdsleoes v eemr ucghr atifrott uhdeaeis rs istance,
partiwciutlha rcloyru enqtufleroeso stbsss ciutnreera lrilybo rans.
StanTlamebyi aphe rsvutihsieen di sttiaaoglfe sdm oyc troer­al
searacnhhdi, es n couratgheeamnnei dnnm t o err ecenth abysee eanr s
deepalpeypc ria.Tt heedd eblto wteoh iosw wno roknB uddhiins m
Thailieasvn idd tehnrto utghhbioosuo tk .W iPlestsoeunrp ertvhies ed
final worfmi ytd iiensrgst aItt ihoanhn.ik am n d htohphaeete njoys
mya pproporfsi oamtei ofinrd oehmaiC ssr aAbn itc(s17 93i)nC hpater
II .Iw oullidtk ote h aNnekl sGorna buMranr,iS ltyrna tahnetdrh ne,
staoffft hBee rkealneMdya ncheasnhttreorop godyle partfmroe nts
thehiors piitn1a 89l1i-9t18y12 8,97 a,n 1d9 90A,r iSeall flroel he tting
mel iavned wionhr eGkrl ebe ccoltottsoSae yg denU,en vyie rsaintdy
itlsia brrdyu,r tihnsegu mme1r9 -8o19f88 a9n,Md a ciaenIjdr iCniao ­
lefkro tfhireeinrd asnhedin pc ouradguermtiehnnmegta ntyi mtehsa t
Ih ave swtiattyhhe eidmn C anrbaew rhicloen sutlhtAeiu nsgt ralian
NatiUonniavlye 'rTssi ibtectoalnl ection.
JanGeyta tcsoo'msms eo nnta ne arly ovfet rhsbiiosoo rnke ­
oriemnytt ehdi noknit nhcgee rnatils suTean toarfna sd h amainni­c
sigahntsd oc ontrivbiutttaotel hdlfie yn atlex Dte.t acirlietdi ocfi sms
latveerr sbiyoH nasm iGsrhe gLoirs,Ss teu tcy,ha bnuDdra vSitdo tt
weroefi mmensea swv earlmeuyd e i,s cuwsistTiahso hnTsise rionfg
the aLroiyfTb i bretWaonr aksnA dr chiRvoebseP.ra tur le atdh e book
frot hSem histonainadn I lwiotkuotel h dah nikhm e rfreo hgiesn er­
ouasn hde luplrfe maMraknsey.r raonrds nmtiesripreutnadtoiuobnts­
edlrye madiens,ep a ilttlh aes tsainsacnegd o oadd viIhc aev ree ­
ceived.
Ia lwsios ha ctkon owtlhemeda gnTeyib etlaanm wahso tseea ch­
inghsa vper oviedsesde ntiala ndg uiidnasnpcier tahteimo n, among
IX
PREFACE
thlea te RKiamlpuo Mcahter,Ru ilm poacnhCdeh ,o gyTarumn gpa
RimpoAcnhdez;Ri inm poActhRoei ,m poCchhgaed,i Riidm poche,
Chime RiLmapmoKaca hremS,aa mtKeunn,Rg iam poNcahmek,h a
DrimReidm pocNhaem,k hNaoir bu RimpocNhgea,w anGge she
DhargyPehye,n Rdiem pocSheer,k hRuinmgp ocShoeg,yRa ilm ­
pochTaer,aT ulkuG,e sThheu btLeond eGne,s Thheu l)Tstheenr ­
inTgul,k Jui gmaenY,dan gtaTunlgk u.
Thes toaffft hSem histonIinasnt itutiinpo anr tPiDrcaeunsl­sa,r
ieGlo odwainnDd u kJeo hnhsav,ce o pgerda uclealfnyed ffi ciently
witthhc eo mpleoxfpi rtoideusac noi vnegr blooonbkgya no fnti en­
acscseiabulte.h R oorbiGonu ltdh,be o okm'asn uscerdoiirpth,ta s
donmeu ctho tramnyus fnwoiremlp dryoi snoert eadEangbllei sh.
Ih avdee cdaittehdbi oso tkom ym ot.hA estr hTei berteanmsi nd
usa,ls le ntbieeinhntag svb ee eonu mro thaetsr o mpeo iinnbt e gin­
ningtliemsIeh s.o pteh tahtbe o owki blel boefn etfiost o moeft hem.
x