Civilians and War in Europe, 1618-1815 PDF
Preview Civilians and War in Europe, 1618-1815
Civilians and War in Europe, 1618–1815 Charters.indb 1 2/2/2012 12:40:04 PM Eighteenth-Century Worlds Series Editors: Professor Eve Rosenhaft (Liverpool) and Dr Mark Towsey (Liverpool) Eighteenth-Century Worlds promotes innovative new research in the political, social, economic, intellectual and cultural life of the ‘long’ eighteenth century (c.1650-c.1850), from a variety of historical, theoretical and critical perspectives. Monographs published in the series adopt international, comparative and/ or interdisciplinary approaches to the global eighteenth century, in volumes that make the results of specialist research accessible to an informed, but not discipline-specific, audience. 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FFoooottrriinngg LLttdd,, DDeerrbbyy PPrriinntteedd aanndd bboouunndd bbyy CCPPII GGrroouupp ((UUKK)) LLttdd,, CCrrooyyddoonn CCRR00 44YYYY (cid:38)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:23) (cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:23)(cid:23)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:23)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:48)(cid:48) Contents List of Contributors vii Acknowledgements x List of Illustrations xii List of Abbreviations xiv 1 Introduction 1 Erica Charters, Eve Rosenhaft and Hannah Smith Part I: Suffering, Reconciliation and Values in the Seventeenth Century 2 Was the Thirty Years War a ‘Total War’? 21 Peter H. Wilson 3 Grotius and the Civilian 36 Colm McKeogh 4 War, Property and the Bonds of Society: England’s ‘Unnatural’ Civil Wars 52 Barbara Donagan 5 Transitional Justice Theory and Reconciling Civil War Division in English Society, circa 1660–1670 68 Melanie Harrington Part II: The State, Soldiers and Civilians 6 The Administration of War and French Prisoners of War in Britain, 1756–1763 87 Erica Charters v Charters.indb 5 2/2/2012 12:40:04 PM vi Contents 7 Civilians, the French Army and Military Justice during the Reign of Louis XIV, circa 1640–1715 100 Markus Meumann 8 Restricted Violence? Military Occupation during the Eighteenth Century 118 Horst Carl 9 British Soldiers at Home: The Civilian Experience in Wartime, 1740–1783 129 Stephen Conway Part III: Who is a Civilian? Who is a Soldier? 10 Conflicted Identities: Soldiers, Civilians and the Representation of War 147 Philip Shaw 11 ‘Turning Out for Twenty-Days Amusement’: The Militia in Georgian Satirical Prints 157 Matthew McCormack 12 Insurgents and Counter-Insurgents between Military and Civil Society from the 1790s to 1815 182 Alan Forrest Part IV: Contradictions of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 13 The Limits of Conflict in Napoleonic Europe – And Their Transgression 201 David A. Bell 14 Plunder on the Peninsula: British Soldiers and Local Civilians during the Peninsular War, 1808–1813 209 Gavin Daly 15 Invasion and Occupation: Civilian–Military Relations in Central Europe during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 225 Leighton S. James 16 Imprisoned Reading: French Prisoners of War at the Selkirk Subscription Library, 1811–1814 241 Mark Towsey Bibliography 262 Index 291 Charters.indb 6 2/2/2012 12:40:04 PM Contributors David A. Bell is the Sidney and Ruth Lapidus Professor in the Era of the North Atlantic Revolutions at Princeton University. He is the author of The Cult of the Nation in France (2001) and The First Total War: Napoleon’s Europe and the Making of Warfare As We Know It (2007). Horst Carl is Professor of Early Modern History at Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen. His current research project is on early modern mercenaries and the function of violence for the cohesion of social groups. Recent publica- tions include Kriegsniederlagen. Erfahrungen und Erinnerungen (2004) and Europäische Wahrnehmungen 1650–1850. Interkulturelle Kommunikation und Medienereignisse (2008). Erica Charters is University Lecturer in the History of Medicine at the University of Oxford. She is the author of Disease, War, and the Imperial State: The Welfare of the British Armed Forces during the Seven Years War, 1756–63 (forthcoming) and is working on a study of French forces during the Seven Years War. Stephen Conway is Professor of History at University College London. He is the author of The War of American Independence, 1775–1783 (1995), The British Isles and the War of American Independence (2000), War, State, and Society in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland (2006) and Britain, Ireland, and Continental Europe in the Eighteenth Century (2011). vii Charters.indb 7 2/2/2012 12:40:04 PM viii List of Contributors Gavin Daly is Senior Lecturer in Modern European History in the School of History and Classics, University of Tasmania. He is the author of Inside Napoleonic France (2001) and has published widely on Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars. He is currently writing a history of British soldiers’ cultural encounters in Spain and Portugal during the Peninsular War. Barbara Donagan is an independent scholar at the Huntington Library, California. She has published articles relating to the codes, conduct and con- ditions of the English civil war and also on aspects of puritan lives. War in England 1642–1649 (2008) dealt primarily with the soldiers’ war. She is now working on a book on the civilian experience of civil war. Alan Forrest has been Professor of Modern History at the University of York since 1989. He has published widely on French Revolutionary and Napoleonic history and the history of modern warfare. His recent books include The Legacy of the French Revolutionary Wars: The Nation-in-Arms in French Republican Memory (2009) and Napoleon (2011). Melanie Harrington received her BA from the University of Liverpool and her MPhil in Early Modern History from the University of Cambridge, where she is currently completing her doctorate. Her thesis examines the Restoration period and the long-term legacies of the mid-seventeenth-century crisis in England, particularly the social, cultural and political consequences of royalist disappointment after 1660. Leighton James is a Lecturer at the University of Swansea. His current research is focused on the social and cultural history of warfare in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He has just completed a book on the experience of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in German central Europe, entitled Witnessing War. Matthew McCormack is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Northampton. He works on ‘public’ manifestations of masculinity, particu- larly in the arenas of politics and the military. His publications include The Independent Man: Citizenship and Gender Politics in Georgian England (2005) and, as editor, Public Men: Masculinity and Politics in Modern Britain (2007). Colm McKeogh is a lecturer in political science at the University of Waikato, New Zealand. He studied political science at Trinity College Dublin and strategic studies at Aberystwyth University. His previous publications include The Political Realism of Reinhold Niebuhr (1997), Innocent Civilians (2002) and Tolstoy’s Pacifism (2009). Charters.indb 8 2/2/2012 12:40:04 PM List of Contributors ix Markus Meumann is a researcher at the University of Halle-Wittenberg in Germany. He is currently preparing a book on the effects of war and the establishment of standing armies on the political and legal culture of seventeenth-century Europe, with a special focus on France and the Holy Roman Empire. Eve Rosenhaft is Professor of German Historical Studies at the University of Liverpool. She has published on aspects of labour, gender and eth nicity in German history of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Her work in eighteenth-century studies focuses on cultures of money, insurance and popular financial practices, especially on the part of women. Philip Shaw is Professor of Romantic Studies in the School of English at the University of Leicester. His most recent publications include: The Sublime (2006), Waterloo and the Romantic Imagination (2002) and, as editor, Romantic Wars: Studies in Culture and Conflict, 1789–1822 (2000). At present he is working on a book-length study entitled Suffering and Sentiment in Romantic Military Art. Hannah Smith is a Tutorial Fellow and University Lecturer in History at St Hilda’s College, Oxford. She has published Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture, 1714–1760 (2006). She is currently working on a study of the British army and society from 1660 to 1750. Mark Towsey is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Liverpool, having previously held fellowships at Harvard, Yale and the IHR. He is the author of Reading the Scottish Enlightenment: Books and their Readers in Provincial Scotland, 1750–1820 (2010) and has published extensively on reading experiences and the cultural history of libraries in the eighteenth and nine- teenth centuries. Peter H. Wilson is GF Grant Professor of History at the University of Hull, having worked previously at Sunderland and Newcastle universities. He has written or edited fifteen books on European history including Europe’s Tragedy. A History of the Thirty Years War (2009). Charters.indb 9 2/2/2012 12:40:04 PM
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