Civil War in Syria: Mobilization and Competing Social Orders PDF
Preview Civil War in Syria: Mobilization and Competing Social Orders
Civil War in Syria In 2011, hundreds of thousands of Syrians marched peacefully to demand democratic reforms. Within months, repression forced them to take arms and set up their own institutions. Two years later, the inclusive nature of the opposition had collapsed, and the PKK and radical jihadist groups rose to prominence. In just a few years, Syria turned into a full-scale civil war involving major regional and world powers. How has the war affected Syrian society? How does the frag- mentationofSyriatransformsocialandsectarianhierarchies?Howdoes the war economy work in a country divided between the regime, the insurgency, the PKK, and the Islamic State? Written by authors who have previously worked on the Iraqi, Afghan, Kurd, Libyan, and Congolesearmedconflicts,thisbookincludesextensiveinterviewsand direct observations. This is a unique book, which combines rare field experience of the Syrian conflict with new theoretical insights on the dynamicsofcivilwars. AdamBaczkoisaPh.D.candidateinPoliticalScienceattheSchoolfor AdvancedStudiesintheSocialSciences(EHESS,Paris).Hisresearch focusesontheimplementationofjusticebyarmedgroupsanditspoli- ticalimplications,withaparticularfocusonAfghanistan.Hehascarried outfieldworkinAfghanistan,theDemocraticRepublicofCongo,Iraq, andSyria. Gilles Dorronsoro is Professor of Political Science at Pantheon SorbonneUniversityandthePrincipalInvestigatoroftheERCSocial DynamicsofCivilWars.Hehasresearchedoncivilwarsthroughouthis career, making significant contributions through his books on Afghanistan, Turkey, and Syria. He is the author of Revolution Unending:Afghanistan,1979tothePresent. Arthur Quesnay is a Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University. His research centers on the political dynamics of the sectarian conflicts in Iraq, where he has conducted extensive fieldwork since 2009. In a comparative perspective, he also carriedoutfieldworkinLibya(2011–2012)andSyria(2012–2016)with insurgentgroups. ProblemsofInternationalPolitics SeriesEditors KeithDarden,AmericanUniversity IanShapiro,YaleUniversity Theseriesseeksmanuscriptscentraltotheunderstandingofinternationalpolitics thatwillbeempiricallyrichandconceptuallyinnovative.Itisinterestedinworks that illuminate the evolving character of nation-states within the international system.Itsetsoutthreebroadareasforinvestigation:(1)identity,security,and conflict;(2)democracy;and(3)justiceanddistribution. TitlesintheSeries MatthewLongo,ThePoliticsofBorders:Sovereignty,Security,andthe Citizenafter9/11 JoshuaSimon,TheIdeologyofCreoleRevolution:Imperialismand IndependenceinAmericanandLatinAmericanPoliticalThought Reyko Huang, The Wartime Origins of Democratization: Civil War, Rebel Governance, and Political Regimes H.ZeynepBulutgil,TheRootsofEthnicCleansinginEurope HyeranJo,CompliantRebels:RebelGroupsandInternationalLawin WorldPolitics HenryE.Hale,PatronalPolitics:EurasianRegimeDynamicsin ComparativePerspective LisaBaldez,DefyingConvention:USResistancetotheUNTreatyon Women’sRights SéverineAutesserre,Peaceland:ConflictResolutionandtheEveryday PoliticsofInternationalIntervention TarekMasoud,CountingIslam:Religion,Class,andElectionsinEgypt Shaul Mishal and Ori Goldberg, Understanding Shiite Leadership: The Art of the Middle Ground in Iran and Lebanon Adria K. Lawrence, Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire DonaldL.Horowitz,ConstitutionalChangeandDemocracyinIndonesia HarrisMylonas,ThePoliticsofNation-Building:MakingCo-Nationals, Refugees,andMinorities S¸enerAktürk,RegimesofEthnicityandNationhoodinGermany,Russia, andTurkey StevenLevitskyandLucanA.Way,CompetitiveAuthoritarianism: HybridRegimesaftertheColdWar Civil War in Syria Mobilization and Competing Social Orders Adam Baczko EHESS,Paris Gilles Dorronsoro UniversitéParis1Panthéon-Sorbonne Arthur Quesnay UniversitéParis1Panthéon-Sorbonne UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108420808 DOI:10.1017/9781108355322 ©AdamBaczko,GillesDorronsoro,andArthurQuesnay2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-42080-8Hardback ISBN978-1-108-43090-6Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Thereisonlythetrying.Therestisnotourbusiness T.S.Eliot Contents ListofTables pageix ListofMaps x ListofAcronyms xi Acknowledgments xii ANoteonTranscription xiv Prolegomena:ForaSociologicalApproachtoCivilWars 1 Introduction 25 PartI GenesisofaRevolution 43 1 Theal-AssadSystem 45 2 ARevolutionofAnonyms 65 3 ThePathtoCivilWar 84 PartII RevolutionaryInstitutions 101 4 TheBuildingofMilitaryCapital 103 5 AdministeringtheRevolution 118 6 MobilizationoutsideSyria 133 PartIII TheFragmentationoftheInsurrection 145 7 TheCrisisInternationalizes 147 8 TheKurdsandthePKK 164 9 TheIslamizationoftheInsurgency 178 10 TheCaliphate 199 vii viii Contents PartIV ASocietyatWar 223 11 TheVariationsofSocialCapital 225 12 TheEconomyforWar 239 13 NewIdentityRegimes 256 Conclusions 266 Annex 271 Bibliography 292 Index 312
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