Civil War in South Russia, 1918: The First Year of the Volunteer Army

366 Pages·22.754 MB·English

by  Peter Kenez

Civil War in South Russia, I9i8

Jhe 7irst D^ear of the Volunteer Army
CIVIL W71R
IN SOUTH
RUSSIA 1918
Peter %enez
UNIVERSITY OF OIL]FORNI* PRESS
BERKELEY- LOS ANGELES • LONDON -1971
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
Copyright © 1971, by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 78-114339
Standard Book Number: 520-01709-9
Printed in the United States of America
to Dorothy J. T)alby
with Admiration and Affection

Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
I Dramatis Personae: The Officers and
the Cossacks 7
II The Beginnings of the White Movement 45
III The Birth of the Volunteer Army 68
IV The Ice March 96
V Taking Stock 133
VI Campaigns 165
VII The Politics of the Volunteer Army 191
VIII "A Russia Great, United, and Indivisible" 219
IX The Volunteer Army and the End of the World
War : Russia, November 1918 253
X Conclusion 278
'Notes 287
Bibliography 323
Index 341

Acknowledgments
I am most grateful for the help I received from a number of col-
leagues. Mr. Hans J. Rogger pointed out to me a large number of
major and minor errors and advised me in matters of organization of
the material; Mr. William G. Rosenberg read an early version of the
manuscript and discussions with him helped me to clarify my think-
ing on a number of points; Mr. Terence Emmons read the galley
proofs and caught some mistakes; Mr. William H. Hill compiled the
index.
Within the walls of two major archives I worked in—the Russian
and Eastern European Archives of Columbia University, and the
Hoover Institution at Stanford, California—I was helped with under-
standing and kindness. I am especially grateful to Mr. Lev F. Mager-
ovsky, who provided me with much-needed material and gave me
useful biographical and bibliographical information. Mrs. Xenia
Denikin and Mrs. Olga Wrangel allowed me to use their husbands'
archives. It was both useful and pleasant to listen to Mrs. Denikin's
reminiscences.
In my research and writing I was supported by the History De-
partment of Harvard University, the Research Committee of the
University of California at Santa Cruz, and the Slavic Center of the
University of California at Berkeley.
I should like to thank Mrs. Eveline Kanes and Mrs. Dorothy J.
Dalby, who corrected many of my grammatical errors and suggested
improvements in my writing style. I also thank Miss Jacqueline
Crisp, who checked several references, and Miss Jeanine Thompson,
who typed the manuscript.
All dates are given according to the Gregorian or Western calen-
dar, except as noted in a few quotations. I have followed the trans-
literation system of the Library of Congress.
P. K.