CIVIL SOCIETY : the public space of freemason women in france, 1744-1944

2022·4.4 MB·English

by  ALLEN, JAMES SMITH

A Civil Society

A Civil Society
The Public Space of Freemason Women
in France, 1744–1944
•
James Smith Allen
University of Nebraska Press
© 2021 by the Board of Regents
of the University of Nebraska
All rights reserved
ISBN 9781496227782 (hardcover)
ISBN 9781496229670 (epub)
ISBN 9781496229687 (pdf)
Cover image: Jacques France [Paul Lecreux], Marianne Maçonnique (1879),
bronze bust, Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie, Paris,
Collection du Grand Orient de France, photo P. M.
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À Anne
encore et toujours
Sainz alexis est el ciel senz dutance
ensembl’ot deu e la compaignie as angeles • od la pulcela dunt il se fist
si estranges • or l’at od sei ansemble sunt lur anames • ne vus sai dirre
cum lur ledece est grande.
—Saint Alban’s Psalter, c. 1123 AD
•

Contents
List of Figures and Table xi
List of Illustrations xiii
List of Abbreviations / Acronyms xv
List of French Masonic Orders / Obediences / Rites xvii
Preface xix
Introduction
FRENCH WOMEN IN PUBLIC SPACE 1
Freemasonry Writ Large 2
How Else Civil Society—and Freemason Women—Matter 11
Chapter 1
MASONRY’S GENDERED VARIATIONS
BEFORE AND AFTER 1789 19
The Eighteenth Century’s Mixed Orders and Adoption Lodges 21
Freemason Women’s Social Networks in the Old Regime 31
Revolution: The Communities of Freemason Women Transposed 41
Chapter 2
THE CRAFT’S LONG MARCH
TO MIXED ORDERS, 1799–1901 57
Variations on Mixed Orders and Adoption Lodges 59
Freemason Women’s Expanding Social Networks
in the Nineteenth Century 69
Revolution(s): The Successive Redefinitions
of Women’s Masonic Communities 81