Civil Society and Political Representation in Latin America (2010-2015): Towards a Divorce Between Social Movements and Political Parties?

218 Pages·2018·3.252 MB·English

by  Adrián Albala (eds.)

Adrián Albala Editor
Civil Society and
Political Representation
in Latin America
(2010–2015)
Towards a Divorce Between Social Move-
ments and Political Parties?
Civil Society and Political Representation in Latin
America (2010–2015)
Adrián Albala
Editor
Civil Society and Political
Representation in Latin
America (2010–2015)
Towards a Divorce Between Social
Movements and Political Parties?
Editor
Adrián Albala
Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
ISBN 978-3-319-67800-9 ISBN 978-3-319-67801-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67801-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017957641
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Les mots liberté, justice, bonheur du plus
grand nombre, sont infâmes et criminels: ils
dnonnent aux esprits l’habitude de la
discussion et de la méfiance. […]Cette fatale
habitude de la méfiance une fois contractée,
la faiblesse de l’homme l’applique a tout
[…] dès lors il est perdu.
Stendhal
To Paula, Margarita and Juan Carlos
Contents
Introduction: Political Parties and Social Movements
in Latin America (2011–2016) ........................................................................ 1
Adrián Albala
Part I The Autonomization of the Social Movements
Vis-a-Vis Political Parties in Latin America
Representatives and the Represented: Political Parties,
Participation, and the Brazilian Protests in 2013 ......................................... 33
Soraia Marcelino Vieira, Michelle Fernandez,
and Nuno Coimbra Mesquita
Institutionalization Versus Responsiveness: The Dilemma
of Political Representation in Chile ............................................................... 55
Victor Tricot and Adrián Albala
Political Representation and Social Movements
in Colombia (2002–2016) ................................................................................ 73
Esther Parra Ramírez and Eduardo Guevara Cobos
Civil Society and Political Representation in Mexico .................................. 95
Alejandro Natal
Part II Cases with Movements Strongly Linked to Parties
Representation, Party System, and Civil Society
in Argentina (2003–2015) ............................................................................... 117
Sebastián Mauro
Dilemmas of Contemporary Political Representation in Bolivia:
Social Movements, Party, and State in Plurinational Times ....................... 131
Clayton M. Cunha Filho
vii
viii Contents
Citizenship and Political Parties in Ecuador ................................................ 149
Santiago Basabe-Serrano
Participation and Representation in Uruguay: Challenges for Social
Mobilization in a Party- Centered Society ..................................................... 167
Inés M. Pousadela
Conclusion: The Support of Political Parties in Latin America ................. 193
José Álvaro Moisés and Gabriela de Oliveira Piquet Carneiro
Index ................................................................................................................. 209
Contributors
Adrián Albala PhD in Political Science (Sorbonne University, Paris III, France).

Postdoc in Political Science (University of São Paulo, Brazil), with a grant (number:
2013/50932-7) from the São Paulo State Scientific Foundation (FAPESP). Currently,
visiting fellow at the Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil. adrian.albala@
gmail.com
Santiago Basabe-Serrano PhD in Political Science (National University of San

Martín, Argentina). Coordinator of the Master Program on Comparative Politics
and associate professor at the Department of Political Studies at Facultad
Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO Ecuador. Contact: sbasabe@
flacso.edu.ec
Gabriela de Oliveira Piquet Carneiro PhD in Political Science (University of

São Paulo, Brazil). Postdoc fellow in University of São Paulo (Brazil), to the Núcleo
de Pesquisas de Políticas Públicas (NUPPs). Contact: [email protected]
Nuno Coimbra Mesquita PhD in Political Science (University of São Paulo,

Brazil). He is a fellow at the center for public policy research (NUPPs/USP) since
2006. Postdoctoral fellow at PUC/SP (2013–2017). Member the Political
Communication Research Committee of the International Political Science
Association – IPSA. Contact: [email protected]
Michele Fernandez PhD in Political Science (Salamanca University, Spain).

Associate professor at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brazil). Contact:
[email protected]
Eduardo Guevara Cobos Historian and sociologist. Master of Philosophy at

UIS. Professor and researcher, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB –
Grupo de Investigación Instituciones Políticas y Opinión Pública. Contact:
[email protected]
ix
x Contributors
Soraia Marcelino Vieira PhD in Political Science (Rio de Janeiro State University,

Brazil). Adjunct professor at Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil). Contact:
[email protected]
Sebastián  Mauro PhD in Social Sciences (Universidad de Buenos Aires).

Researcher of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)
and director of the Center of Studies in Citizenship, State and Political Affairs
(Universidad de Buenos Aires). Contact: [email protected]
Clayton M. Cunha Filho PhD in Political Science (Rio de Janeiro State University,

UERJ, Brazil). Associate professor at Universidade Federal do Ceará (Brazil).
Contact: [email protected]
José Álvaro Moisés PhD in Political Science (University of São Paulo, Brazil).

Full professor at Universidade de São Paulo. Member of the Research Committee
on Quality of Democracy of the International Political Science Association (IPSA).
Director of the Núcleo de Pesquisas de Políticas Públicas (NUPPs) of Universidad
de São Paulo (USP, Brazil). Contact: [email protected]
Alejandro Natal PhD in Development Studies (London School of Economics,

UK). Member of the Mexican National System of Researchers (SNI). Full professor
at Universidad Autónoma de México. Contact: [email protected]
Esther Parra Ramírez PhD in Political Science (University of Barcelona, Spain).

Full professor at Escuela Superior de Administración Pública ESAP (Colombia)
and Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (Colombia). Contact: estherparr-
[email protected]
Inés M. Pousadela PhD in Political Science (Belgrano University, Argentina).

Research specialist with CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation and
researcher for the Independent Reporting Mechanism at the Open Government
Partnership (OGP). Professor at Universidad ORT Uruguay. Contact: ines.pousad-
[email protected]
Víctor Tricot PhD in Political Science (Salamanca University, Spain). Director of

the School for International Training in Chile – Valparaiso.
Introduction: Political Parties and Social
Movements in Latin America (2011–2016)
Adrián Albala
Since the mid-2000s, Latin America has been the stage for a multitude of social
protests of different types, based around both ‘classic’ (targeted public policies,
support for/rejection of a government) and ‘post-materialist’ social demands
(Inglehart 1997). The latter includes topics such as gay marriage, abortion and the
protection of the environment.
These phenomena are the most visible symptom of the establishment of the pro-
cesses of democratic consolidation, stabilization and routinization initiated since
the 1980s, occurring almost concurrently with a decline in the frequency of epi-
sodes of democratic instability (Alcántara 2004; Alcantara and Tagina 2013;
Mainwaring and Pérez Liñán 2015, amongst others).
Furthermore, the occurrence and sheer scale of these movements, protests and
pickets empirically contradict the literature in vogue in the 1990s which, based on
the observation of generalized disenchantment in the region, diagnosed the emer-
gence of a state of political apathy or depoliticization in Latin America (Hermet
1993; Colburn 2002; Avritzer 2002; Roberts 2002; Levitsky and Roberts 2011). In
fact, in 2011 what has been considered the starting point for the so-called Latin
American Spring erupted in Chile. This phenomenon has been marked by the inten-
sification of collective protest actions with an openly defiant stance towards the
government of the day.
However, not all the movements have been equally successful nor have they been
organized in the same way in every country. In various cases, what had most impact
was the spontaneity of these movements and their evident detachment from the
traditional organs of political representation: the parties. Chile (2011–2013),
Colombia (2011–2012), Mexico (2012) and Brazil (2013) present the most paradig-
matic cases of demonstrations that acted in parallel to, or even against, the estab-
lished parties and/or party systems. It was observed there that patterns of social and
A. Albala (*)
Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 1
A. Albala (ed.), Civil Society and Political Representation in Latin America
(2010–2015), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67801-6_1