Civil Society and International Governance Structures and processes occurring within and between states are no longer the only – or even the most important – determinants of those political, economic and social developments and dynamics that shape the modern world. Many issues, including the environment, health, crime, drugs, migration and terrorism, can no longer be contained within national boundaries. As a result, it is not always possible to identify the loci for authority and legitimacy, and the role of governments has been called into question. This book critically analyses the increasing impact of nongovernmental organizations and civil society on global and regional governance. Written from the standpoint of advocates of civil society and addressing the role of civil society in relation to the UN, the IMF, the G8 and the WTO, the contributors to this volumes assess the role of various non-s tate actors from three perspectives: theoretical aspects, civil society interaction with the European Union and civil society and regional governance outside Europe, specifically Africa, East Asia and the Middle East. It demonstrates that civil society’s role has been more complex than one defined in terms, essentially, of resistance and includes actual participation in governance as well as multi- faceted contributions to legitimizing and democratizing global and regional governance. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, international relations, civil society, sociology, European politics and global governance. David Armstrong is Emeritus Professor at the University of Exeter. Valeria Bello is Marie Curie Intra- European Research Fellow at the Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Spain. Julie Gilson is a senior lecturer in the Depart- ment of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Birming- ham. Debora Spini teaches political theory at Syracuse University in Florence and Social Philosophy at Florence University. Routledge/GARNET series: Europe in the world Edited by David Armstrong University of Exeter, UK and Karoline Postel-V inay Centre for International Studies and Research (CERI), France. Editorial Board: Dr Mary Farrell, Sciences Po, Paris; Dr Karoline Postel- Vinay, CERI, France; Professor Richard Higgott, University of Warwick, UK; Dr Christian Lequesne, CERI, France; and Professor Thomas Risse, Free Uni- versity Berlin, Germany. International Advisory Committee: Dr Salma Bava, Jawaharlal Nehru Univer- sity, New Delhi, India; Dr Knud Erik Jørgensen, University of Aarhus, Denmark; Professor Sunil Khilnani, SAIS, Johns Hopkins University, USA; Dr Anne- Marie Legloannec, CERI, France; Dr Xiaobo Lu, SIPA, Columbia University; Profes- sor James Mittelman, University of Washington, USA; Dr Karen Smith, London School of Economics, UK; Professor Elzbieta Stadtmuller, University of Wroclaw, Poland. The Routledge GARNET series, Europe in the World, provides a forum for innovative research and current debates emanating from the research community within the GARNET Network of Excellence. GARNET is a Europe- wide network of 43 research institutions and scholars working collectively on ques- tions around the theme of ‘Global Governance, Regionalisation and Regulation: The Role of the EU’, and funded by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme for Research. 1 EU Foreign Policy in a Globalized World Normative power and social preferences Edited by Zaki Laïdi 2 The Search for a European Identity Values, policies and legitimacy of the European Union Edited by Furio Cerutti and Sonia Lucarelli 3 The European Union and the Social Dimension of Globalization How the EU influences the world Edited by Jan Orbie and Lisa Tortell 4 Governance and the Depoliticisation of Development Edited by Wil Hout and Richard Robison 5 The European Union and International Organizations Knud Erik Jørgensen 6 The EU and Global Governance Edited by Mario Telò 7 External Perceptions of the European Union as a Global Actor Edited by Sonia Lucarelli and Lorenzo Fioramonti 8 A Global Security Triangle European, African and Asian interaction Edited by Valeria Bello and Belachew Gebrewold 9 European Union Democracy Aid Supporting civil society in post-A partheid South Africa Lorenzo Fioramonti 10 Civil Society and International Governance The role of non-s tate actors in global and regional regulatory frameworks Edited by David Armstrong, Valeria Bello, Julie Gilson and Debora Spini Civil Society and International Governance The role of non-s tate actors in global and regional regulatory frameworks Edited by David Armstrong, Valeria Bello, Julie Gilson and Debora Spini First published 2011 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. © 2011 David Armstrong, Valeria Bello, Julie Gilson and Debora Spini for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors their contribution. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Civil society and international governance: the role of non-s tate actors in global and regional regulatory frameworks/edited by David Armstrong . . . [et al.]. p. cm. – (Routledge/GARNET series: Europe in the world; 10) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Regionalism (International organization) 2. Civil society. 3. International cooperation. I. Armstrong, J. D. (James David), 1945– JZ5330.C58 2010 341.2–dc22 2010018375 ISBN 0-203-84005-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN13: 978-0-415-59063-1 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-84005-4 (ebk) Contents Notes on contributors ix Introduction: civil society and international governance 1 DAVID ARMSTRONG AND JULIE GILSON PART I Theory 13 1 Civil society and the democratisation of global public space 15 DEBORA SPINI 2 Collective and social identity: a theoretical analysis of the role of civil society in the construction of supra-n ational societies 31 VALERIA BELLO 3 Organised civil society and political representation in the EU arena 49 CARLO RUZZA PART II The European Union 71 4 Europeanization of non- state actors: towards a framework for analysis 73 KArolinA BorońsKA-HryniEwiEcKA 5 Between localisation and Europeanisation: non- governmental organisations in Bosnia and Herzegovina 92 ERICA PANIGhELLO viii Contents 6 European integration, cross- border cooperation and third sector mobilizations in the Basque Country 107 XABIER ITçAINA PART III Civil society outside Europe 127 7 Governance and non- governmental organizations in East Asia: building region-w ide coalitions 129 JULIE GILSON 8 Civil society in regional governance in Eastern and Southern Africa 148 ANDRéAS GODSäTER AND FREDRIk SöDERBAUM 9 The role of civil society in regional governance in the Middle East 166 MIChAEL SChULZ 10 Transnational labour mobilization in the Americas 181 MARCELO SAGUIER Index 198 Contributors David Armstrong is Emeritus Professor of International Relations of the Uni- versity of Exeter, having previously held a Chair at the University of Durham and a Readership at the University of Birmingham. he has published widely on many aspects of International Relations, including Chinese foreign policy, international organisations and international law. his main books to date include Revolutionary Diplomacy: Chinese Foreign Policy and the United Front Doctrine (California University Press, 1977), The Rise of the Interna- tional Organisation (Macmillan, 1982), Revolution and World Order (Claren- don Press, 1993) and International Law and International Relations (Cambridge University Press, 2007). he is a Fellow of the Royal historical Society and previous editor of the Review of International Studies. Valeria Bello has a PhD in Sociology and Political Sociology, and since Novem- ber 2009 has been a Marie Curie Intra- European Fellow at the Institut Barce- lona d’Estudis Internacionals (Spain). Prior to that, she had been a researcher at the Jean Monnet European Centre of the University of Trento (Italy). She has given courses at the University of Trento in the Sociology of International Relations and the Sociology of European Integration at both Bachelor and Master levels. her research interests include: European identity, interethnic relations, the international relations of the EU, European civil society and regional governance. She is the editor of A Global Security Triangle. Euro- pean, African and Asian Interaction (Routledge, 2010). Karolina Borońska-Hryniewiecka is currently a PhD student at the University of wrocław and a visiting researcher at the Deusto University in Bilbao. The title of her doctoral thesis is ‘The evolution of regional participation in the European policy- making: the case of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country’. her areas of research include: regions and multi-l evel gov- ernance in the European Union; regionalisation and regionalism in Spain and the European Union; and lobbying and policy networks. Julie Gilson is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Birmingham. her research to date has focused on Japanese foreign policy, East Asian regionalism, and