Civil Service Management and Administrative Systems in South Asia

339 Pages·2019·2.62 MB·English

by  Ishtiaq Jamil

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CI V I LA NS DE R IAVNDMSINEOdIiteSd Uby IshTtiaq HJamil, Tek Nath Dhakal, Narendra Raj Paudel
Civil Service Management and Administrative
Systems in South Asia
Ishtiaq Jamil · Tek Nath Dhakal
Narendra Raj Paudel
Editors
Civil Service
Management and
Administrative
Systems in South Asia
Editors
Ishtiaq Jamil Narendra Raj Paudel
University of Bergen Public Administration Campus,
Bergen, Norway Central Department of Public
Administration
Tek Nath Dhakal Tribhuvan University
Central Department of Public Kirtipur, Nepal
Administration
Tribhuvan University
Kirtipur, Nepal
ISBN 978-3-319-90190-9 ISBN 978-3-319-90191-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90191-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018941082
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P
reface
This book is a result of hard work by many people and institutions of
higher learning in Scandinavia and South Asia who have been cooper-
ating and developing partnerships for over a decade. Our efforts have
culminated in a number of academic and practical results. We have devel-
oped graduate and postgraduate educational programmes, conducted
evidence-based research, and disseminated knowledge not only to stu-
dents of political science and public administration but also to people
working in public administration and members of civil society organiza-
tions. The editors are deeply grateful for this partnership and wish to see
it flourish further and remain academically productive.
This book is about civil service and public administrative systems in
South Asia. It maps reform efforts, describes how different nations in the
region attempt to build their administrative institutions, and the kinds of
experiments carried out in search of better governance. What are the lim-
itations and possibilities of an organization with a chequered history? To
what extent has the public administration system in a country remained
robust? Has it resisted change, or has it gradually changed over the years
to be more receptive to new ideas and responsive to society and citizens?
Each chapter describes and explains historical developments in the
administrative system in a country and the reform measures leading to
its current structural and functional configuration. These chapters also
discuss the numerous efforts made by various regimes and international
bodies to streamline public administration in a quest for good govern-
ance. The authors discuss how recruitment to the civil service is done,
v
vi PREfACE
the promotion and the quota system to enhance representativeness, the
training of civil servants, the problem of politicization, and its role in
the changing political and socio-economic scenarios. They shed light on
the challenges of trying to graft modern administrative techniques onto
systems imbued with traditional and colonial administrative norms and
practices.
South Asia has become democratic but at the same time more politi-
cally volatile. Within such a context, what form does public administra-
tion have, how does it perform its duties, and what roles does it play?
Is the spirit de corps, which was the hallmark of civil service during the
colonial era, still intact? These are some of the issues explored in the
chapters in this volume.
The book is relevant for students and scholars of political science,
public administration, public policy, and governance studies. It is rare,
if not unique, to find a book that describes and explains civil service
systems and public administration in South Asia. Afghanistan is the
only country not included in the discussion. We have chosen instead to
include a chapter on China. Some of the chapters focus particularly on
the development of local government systems.
We would like to express our gratitude to a number of institutions
and individuals. The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(NORAD), through its NORHED programme (the Norwegian
Programme for Capacity Building in Higher Education and Research
for Development), has provided financial support for our collaboration
in education and research, and for enabling partnerships to develop
between the University of Bergen in Norway, Tribhuvan University in
Nepal, North South University in Bangladesh, and the University of
Peradeniya in Sri Lanka. for this we are deeply grateful. We would also
like to thank the contributing authors who have shown great interest in
the book project, and our publisher, Palgrave Macmillan. finally, Arlyne
Moi has been an excellent copy editor and deserves special thanks from
us all.
Bergen, Norway Ishtiaq Jamil
Kirtipur, Nepal Tek Nath Dhakal
Kirtipur, Nepal Narendra Raj Paudel
february 2018
c
ontents
1 Introduction: Understanding Civil Service in South Asia 1
Ishtiaq Jamil, Tek Nath Dhakal and Narendra Raj Paudel
2 The Civil Service System in Bhutan 25
Dhurba Rizal
3 The Civil Service System of Bangladesh 49
Sk.Tawfique M. Haque and M. Mahfuzul Haque
4 Civil Service Management in India 73
Namrata Singh
5 Civil Service Management in Nepal 99
Shree Krishna Shrestha and Narendra Raj Paudel
6 The Promise of Representative Bureaucracy
and Citizen’s Trust in the Civil Service in Nepal 121
Ishtiaq Jamil
7 Civil Service Reforms in the Islamic Republic
of Pakistan: Progress So Far, Implementation
Barriers and Challenges 149
Imtiaz Badshah and Konstantin Timoshenko
vii
viii CONTENTS
8 The New Statutory Civil Service in the Maldives:
Towards a Decentralized Human Resource
Management Model? 173
Mohamed faizal and Rob Laking
9 Public Administration in Sri Lanka: An Analysis
of Evolution, Trends, and Challenges in Personnel
Management 193
I. Renuka Priyantha, W. K. Ranjith Dickwella
and Ravindra Gunasekara
10 The Administrative System in Bangladesh: Reform
Initiatives with Failed Outcomes 215
Pranab Kumar Panday
11 Reforms in the Administrative System of Nepal 241
Bharat Gautam
12 The Local Administrative System in India 261
Jitendra G. Wasnik
13 Public Administration in Sri Lanka: An Inquiry into
Structure, Reforms, and Management 281
K. Liyanage, R. Ramesh and N. Sivakumar
14 The Development of Public Administration in
the People’s Republic of China: An Analysis of
Administrative Reform 305
S. Baskaran and M. M. Ihjas
Index 325
c
ontributors
Imtiaz Badshah faculty of Business, Languages, and Social Sciences,
Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
S. Baskaran Department of Political Science, University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Tek Nath Dhakal Central Department of Public Administration,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
W. K. Ranjith Dickwella Department of Political Science, University of
Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Mohamed Faizal National Pay Commission, Malé, Maldives
Bharat Gautam Legislature-Parliament Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ravindra Gunasekara Department of Political Science, University of Sri
Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Public olicy and Governance (PPG) Program,
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
M. M. Ihjas Department of Political Science, University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Ishtiaq Jamil Department of Administration and Organization Theory
(DAO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
Rob Laking School of Government, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington, New Zealand
K. Liyanage Department of Political Science, University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
M. Mahfuzul Haque Public Policy and Governance (PPG) Program,
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Pranab Kumar Panday Department of Public Administration,
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Narendra Raj Paudel Public Administration Campus, Central
Department of Public Administration, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur,
Nepal
I. Renuka Priyantha Department of Public Policy, University of
Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
R. Ramesh Department of Political Science, University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Dhurba Rizal Central Department of Public Administration, Tribhuvan
University, Kirtipur, Nepal
Shree Krishna Shrestha Public Administration Campus, Central
Department of Public Administration, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur,
Nepal
Namrata Singh Department of Political Science, Miranda House,
University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
N. Sivakumar Department of Political Science, University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Konstantin Timoshenko Nord University Business School, Nord
University, Bodø, Norway
Jitendra G. Wasnik Department of Public Administration and Local
Self Government, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India