Table of Contents Dedication Title page Copyright page Tables and Figures Tables Figures Preface Acknowledgments 1: Conceptualization and Debates What is Civil Resistance? Situating the Study of Civil Resistance Questions and Debates Conclusion Notes 2: Civil Resistance in Theory and Practice Civil Resistance in Practice Civil Resistance in Theory Conclusion Notes 3: Proliferation and Expanding Forms of Civil Resistance Struggles to Expand Democracy and Justice in the Developed World Struggles for Democracy Struggles for National Liberation or Autonomy Struggles Against Inequality Conclusion Notes 4: How Resistance Happens Why Does Resistance Occur? What Forms Does Resistance Take? Conclusion Notes 5: The State and Civil Resisters Responses by Authorities The Repression–Mobilization Nexus Strategic Responses to Repression Conclusion Notes 6: Transnational Relations and Intervention Transnational Activists Transnational Organizations Transnational Campaigns Transnational Dynamics Conclusion Notes 7: Processes, Dynamics, and Outcomes Campaign Outcomes Mechanisms of Change Dynamics of Civil Resistance Context and Strategy Conclusion Notes 8: Conclusion What Is Known? Questions and Debates Challenges and Future Research Conclusion Note References Index End User License Agreement List of Tables Table 1.1. Common Distinctions between Pragmatic and Principled Nonviolence Table 2.1. Comparison of Social Movement/Revolution and Civil Resistance Research Table 2.2. Contrasting Assumptions about Political Action, Strategy, Context, and Relation between Means and Ends List of Illustrations Figure 5.1. Possible Responses by Authorities to Civil Resistance Campaigns Figure 7.1. Spectrum of Allies (based on Oppenheimer & Lakey 1965) Dedication For Meg, Dylan and Lukas Copyright page Copyright © Kurt Schock 2015 The right of Kurt Schock to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2015 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-8266-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-8267-9(pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schock, Kurt, 1963– Civil resistance today / Kurt Schock. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7456-8266-2 (hardcover : alkaline paper) – ISBN 0- 7456-8266-9 (hardcover : alkaline paper) – ISBN 978-0-7456-8267-9 (paperback : alkaline paper) – ISBN 0-7456-8267-7 (paperback : alkaline paper) 1. Civil disobedience. 2. Nonviolence. I. Title. JC328.3.S375 2015 303.6′1–dc23 2014040643 Typeset in 10.5 on 12 pt Sabon by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Common Distinctions between Pragmatic and Principled Nonviolence 25 2.1 Comparison of Social Movement/Revolution and Civil Resistance Research 48 2.2 Contrasting Assumptions about Political Action, Strategy, Context, and Relation between Means and Ends 49 Figures 5.1 Possible Responses by Authorities to Civil Resistance Campaigns 117 7.1 Spectrum of Allies 165